An integrated linkage, chromosome, and genome map for the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti.
An integrated linkage, chromosome, and genome map for the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0002052
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Sharakhova MV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Timoshevskiy VA;Severson DW;Debruyn BS;Black WC;Sharakhov IV;Sharakhova MV
埃及伊蚊（黄热病蚊子）是虫媒病毒的有效载体，也是实验室研究的便捷模型系统。形态学和分子标记的广泛连锁图谱定位了许多与蚊子传播各种病原体的能力相关的数量性状基因座（QTL）。然而，将 QTL 与 Ae 连接。埃及伊蚊染色体和基因组序列一直具有挑战性，因为该物种的多线染色体质量差且基因组组装高度碎片化。基于我们之前研究中开发的方法，我们构建了伊蚊有丝分裂染色体的表意文字。埃及伊蚊基于早期中期的条带模式。这些图代表了为伊蚊有丝分裂染色体开发的第一个细胞遗传学图谱。埃及伊蚊。使用荧光原位杂交将一百个携带主要遗传标记的细菌人工染色体克隆与染色体杂交。结果，与丝状线虫马来丝虫、禽疟原虫鸡疟原虫和登革热病毒传播相关的 QTL，以及性别决定位点和 183 Mbp 的基因组序列被锚定到了 Ae 上的确切位置。埃及伊蚊染色体。线性回归分析表明物理图谱和连锁图谱上的标记位置之间具有良好的相关性。由于沿染色体的重组率变化，连锁图上的12个QTL被组合成染色体图上的5个主要QTL簇。这项研究为黄热病蚊子开发了一个集成的连锁、染色体和基因组图谱——iMap。我们在几个主要染色体簇中定位多个 QTL 的发现表明，不同病原体的传播可能是由相同的基因组位点控制的。因此，iMap 将有助于识别导致蚊子对不同病原体的易感性或抵抗性的性状的基因组决定因素。大约一半的人口面临登革热感染的风险。由于缺乏疫苗或药物治疗，该病的预防很大程度上依赖于控制其主要媒介蚊子埃及伊蚊。这种蚊子的完整基因组序列的可用性提供了帮助识别新的疾病控制策略的潜力。虫媒病毒的有效载体，Ae。埃及伊蚊也是实验室研究的便捷模型。与这种蚊子传播各种病原体的卓越能力相关的许多遗传位点被基因定位到与蚊子的三个单独染色体相对应的三个连锁群。然而，基因座和基因组序列在染色体上的确切物理位置尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们开发了伊蚊有丝分裂染色体图谱。埃及伊蚊并定位了 100 个带有主要遗传标记的克隆，这些标记以前用于绘制与病原体传播相关的遗传位点。最后，是伊蚊的连锁图、染色体图和基因组图。埃及伊蚊被整合。将与遗传标记相关的基因组序列锚定到伊蚊的染色体上。 aegypti 将帮助识别候选基因，这些基因可用于开发先进的基于基因组的病媒控制策略。
Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, is an efficient vector of arboviruses and a convenient model system for laboratory research. Extensive linkage mapping of morphological and molecular markers localized a number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to the mosquito's ability to transmit various pathogens. However, linking the QTLs to Ae. aegypti chromosomes and genomic sequences has been challenging because of the poor quality of polytene chromosomes and the highly fragmented genome assembly for this species. Based on the approach developed in our previous study, we constructed idiograms for mitotic chromosomes of Ae. aegypti based on their banding patterns at early metaphase. These idiograms represent the first cytogenetic map developed for mitotic chromosomes of Ae. aegypti. One hundred bacterial artificial chromosome clones carrying major genetic markers were hybridized to the chromosomes using fluorescent in situ hybridization. As a result, QTLs related to the transmission of the filarioid nematode Brugia malayi, the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum, and the dengue virus, as well as sex determination locus and 183 Mbp of genomic sequences were anchored to the exact positions on Ae. aegypti chromosomes. A linear regression analysis demonstrated a good correlation between positions of the markers on the physical and linkage maps. As a result of the recombination rate variation along the chromosomes, 12 QTLs on the linkage map were combined into five major clusters of QTLs on the chromosome map. This study developed an integrated linkage, chromosome, and genome map—iMap—for the yellow fever mosquito. Our discovery of the localization of multiple QTLs in a few major chromosome clusters suggests a possibility that the transmission of various pathogens is controlled by the same genomic loci. Thus, the iMap will facilitate the identification of genomic determinants of traits responsible for susceptibility or refractoriness of the mosquito to diverse pathogens. About half of the human population is under risk of dengue infection. Because of the absence of a vaccine or drug treatment, the prevention of this disease largely relies on controlling its major vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Availability of the complete genome sequence for this mosquito offers the potential to help in the identification of novel disease control strategies. An efficient vector of arboviruses, Ae. aegypti is also a convenient model for laboratory studies. A number of genetic loci related to the remarkable ability of this mosquito to transmit various pathogens were genetically mapped to the three linkage groups corresponding to the three individual chromosomes of the mosquito. However, the exact physical positions of the genetic loci and genomic sequences on the chromosomes were unknown. In this study, we developed maps for mitotic chromosomes of Ae. aegypti and localized 100 clones carrying major genetic markers, which were previously used for mapping genetic loci associated with the pathogens' transmission. Finally, linkage, chromosome, and genome maps of Ae. aegypti were integrated. Anchoring of the genomic sequences associated with genetic markers to the chromosomes of Ae. aegypti will help to identify candidate genes that might be utilized for developing advanced genome-based strategies for vector control.
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1.6
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