Small RNAs Participate in Plant-Virus Interaction and Their Application in Plant Viral Defense.
Small RNAs Participate in Plant-Virus Interaction and Their Application in Plant Viral Defense.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms23020696
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发表时间：
2022-01-08
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Zhu H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deng Z;Ma L;Zhang P;Zhu H
小分子RNA是重要的基因表达调控因子，在植物的发育、生长、生殖和逆境应答中发挥着重要作用。一般认为，小分子RNA对植物内源基因的调控是由RNA病毒和转座子的细胞防御机制演变而来的。大多数小RNA在防御反应（如病毒反应）中具有明确的作用。在病毒感染过程中，植物内源小RNA通过调控宿主防御途径中基因的表达来指导植物的抗病毒性，而来源于病毒的小RNA则是保守有效的RNAi抗病毒机制的核心。作为对抗策略，病毒进化RNAi途径的抑制子以破坏宿主植物针对病毒的沉默。目前，已经发表了几项研究，阐明了小RNA在不同作物中调节病毒防御的机制。本文综述了小RNA生物合成的不同途径及其介导植物抗病毒免疫的分子机制，并总结了病毒克服这种免疫应答的应对策略。最后，对基于小RNA沉默的病毒防御新应用的发展现状进行了讨论。
Small RNAs are significant regulators of gene expression, which play multiple roles in plant development, growth, reproductive and stress response. It is generally believed that the regulation of plants’ endogenous genes by small RNAs has evolved from a cellular defense mechanism for RNA viruses and transposons. Most small RNAs have well-established roles in the defense response, such as viral response. During viral infection, plant endogenous small RNAs can direct virus resistance by regulating the gene expression in the host defense pathway, while the small RNAs derived from viruses are the core of the conserved and effective RNAi resistance mechanism. As a counter strategy, viruses evolve suppressors of the RNAi pathway to disrupt host plant silencing against viruses. Currently, several studies have been published elucidating the mechanisms by which small RNAs regulate viral defense in different crops. This paper reviews the distinct pathways of small RNAs biogenesis and the molecular mechanisms of small RNAs mediating antiviral immunity in plants, as well as summarizes the coping strategies used by viruses to override this immune response. Finally, we discuss the current development state of the new applications in virus defense based on small RNA silencing.
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