Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: the story of a misguided DNA polymerase.

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: the story of a misguided DNA polymerase.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.06.030
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发表时间:
2010-05
期刊:
Biochimica et biophysica acta
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Berdis AJ
Berdis AJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Motea EA;Berdis AJ

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迄今为止,几乎每种 DNA 聚合酶都专门催化单核苷酸掺入生长引物中,使用 DNA 或 RNA 模板作为指导来指导每个掺入事件。然而,有一种独特的 DNA 聚合酶,称为末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶,它仅使用单链 DNA 作为核酸底物进行 DNA 合成。在本章中,我们回顾了这种神秘 DNA 聚合酶的生物学作用,以及它在没有模板链的情况下进行 DNA 合成的能力的生化机制。我们将末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶催化的不依赖于模板的 DNA 合成的分子事件与其他进行模板依赖性合成的充分表征的 DNA 聚合酶进行了比较和对比。这包括对末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶如何结合 DNA 和 dNTP 底物的定量检查、磷酰基转移之前可能涉及的构象变化以及与产物释放相关的动力学步骤。在 DNA 或核苷酸底物存在的情况下,在末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶的可用结构的背景下讨论了这些酶促步骤。此外,我们还讨论了参与复制和重组的蛋白质调节末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶活性的能力。最后,讨论了这种特殊 DNA 聚合酶的生物医学作用,重点讨论了它在癌症发展中的参与及其在生物医学应用中的用途,例如标记 DNA 以检测细胞凋亡。
Nearly every DNA polymerase characterized to date exclusively catalyzes the incorporation of mononucleotides into a growing primer using a DNA or RNA template as a guide to direct each incorporation event. There is, however, one unique DNA polymerase designated terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase that performs DNA synthesis using only single-stranded DNA as the nucleic acid substrate. In this chapter, we review the biological role of this enigmatic DNA polymerase and the biochemical mechanism for its ability to perform DNA synthesis in the absence of a templating strand. We compare and contrast the molecular events for template-independent DNA synthesis catalyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase with other well-characterized DNA polymerases that perform template-dependent synthesis. This includes a quantitative inspection of how terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase binds DNA and dNTP substrates, the possible involvement of a conformational change that precedes phosphoryl transfer, and kinetic steps that are associated with the release of products. These enzymatic steps are discussed within the context of the available structures of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in the presence of DNA or nucleotide substrate. In addition, we discuss the ability of proteins involved in replication and recombination to regulate the activity of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Finally, the biomedical role of this specialized DNA polymerase is discussed focusing on its involvement in cancer development and its use in biomedical applications such as labeling DNA for detecting apoptosis.
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