Evolutionary history of mammalian sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura).
Evolutionary history of mammalian sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura).
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-10-292
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发表时间：
2010-09-22
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Reed DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Light JE;Smith VS;Allen JM;Durden LA;Reed DL
吸虱（Phthiraptera：Anoplura）是真兽目哺乳动物的专性、永久性体外寄生虫，寄生于29个公认的哺乳动物目中的12个，约占所有哺乳动物物种的20%。这些宿主特异性的吸血昆虫在形态上适应了哺乳动物的生活：它们没有翅膀，背腹扁平，具有胫跗爪以附着宿主的毛发，并具有刺穿的口器用于进食。虽然有超过540种描述的Anoplura，尽管潜在的经济和医疗影响的吸虱侵扰，这项研究代表了第一次尝试，以检查更高层次的anopluran的关系，使用分子数据。在这项研究中，我们使用分子数据重建65吸虱类群的进化历史与系统发育分析，并比较结果的基础上形态数据的结果。我们还估计分歧的时间之间anopluran类群和比较我们的结果，主机（哺乳动物）的关系。这项研究代表了第一个系统发育假说的吸虱的关系，使用分子数据，我们发现显着的冲突之间的亲缘关系构建分子和形态数据。我们还发现吸虱的多个科和属不是单系的，因此有必要对该类群进行广泛的分类学修订。根据我们的分歧测年分析，吸虱多样化在晚白垩世，约77马，不久后，白垩纪-古近纪边界（约。65 Ma），这些虱子迅速繁殖，寄生于多个哺乳动物目和科。吸虱的分化时间约为77 Ma，这与哺乳动物的进化历史相一致：所有现代哺乳动物的目的都被假设为在75 Ma前分化，从而为吸虱的定居和辐射提供了合适的栖息地。尽管一致的多元化事件的时间早在anoplurans和哺乳动物之间的协会，有很大的冲突之间的主机和寄生虫的寄生虫。这种冲突可能是一个复杂的历史的结果主机切换和灭绝事件发生在整个吸虱和它们的哺乳动物宿主之间的进化关联。不太可能有任何体外寄生虫群体（包括虱子）跟踪真兽目哺乳动物的早期和快速辐射。
Sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) are obligate, permanent ectoparasites of eutherian mammals, parasitizing members of 12 of the 29 recognized mammalian orders and approximately 20% of all mammalian species. These host specific, blood-sucking insects are morphologically adapted for life on mammals: they are wingless, dorso-ventrally flattened, possess tibio-tarsal claws for clinging to host hair, and have piercing mouthparts for feeding. Although there are more than 540 described species of Anoplura and despite the potential economical and medical implications of sucking louse infestations, this study represents the first attempt to examine higher-level anopluran relationships using molecular data. In this study, we use molecular data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of 65 sucking louse taxa with phylogenetic analyses and compare the results to findings based on morphological data. We also estimate divergence times among anopluran taxa and compare our results to host (mammal) relationships. This study represents the first phylogenetic hypothesis of sucking louse relationships using molecular data and we find significant conflict between phylogenies constructed using molecular and morphological data. We also find that multiple families and genera of sucking lice are not monophyletic and that extensive taxonomic revision will be necessary for this group. Based on our divergence dating analyses, sucking lice diversified in the late Cretaceous, approximately 77 Ma, and soon after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (ca. 65 Ma) these lice proliferated rapidly to parasitize multiple mammalian orders and families. The diversification time of sucking lice approximately 77 Ma is in agreement with mammalian evolutionary history: all modern mammal orders are hypothesized to have diverged by 75 Ma thus providing suitable habitat for the colonization and radiation of sucking lice. Despite the concordant timing of diversification events early in the association between anoplurans and mammals, there is substantial conflict between the host and parasite phylogenies. This conflict is likely the result of a complex history of host switching and extinction events that occurred throughout the evolutionary association between sucking lice and their mammalian hosts. It is unlikely that there are any ectoparasite groups (including lice) that tracked the early and rapid radiation of eutherian mammals.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
HAFNER, MS;SUDMAN, PD;NADLER, SA
通讯作者：
NADLER, SA
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Dalgleish, R. C.;Palma, R. L.;Smith, V. S.
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9.8
作者：
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Rambaut A
影响因子：
6.5
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通讯作者：
Lemmon, Alan R.
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
Ho, Simon Y. W.;Phillips, Matthew J.
通讯作者：
Phillips, Matthew J.