Passive endocytosis in model protocells.

Passive endocytosis in model protocells.
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DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2221064120
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发表时间:
2023-06-13
影响因子:
11.1
通讯作者:
Wang, Anna
Wang, Anna
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhang, Stephanie J.;Lowe, Lauren A.;Anees, Palapuravan;Krishnan, Yamuna;Fai, Thomas G.;Szostak, Jack W.;Wang, Anna

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In contemporary life, a molecule’s permeability across cell membranes is tightly regulated by protein transporters. How did primitive cells obtain nutrients, prior to the advent of such transporters? Molecules can passively diffuse across membranes, but importing nutrients in this manner would require a primitive cell to reside in a pool of nutrients for hours if not days. If the membrane is too permeable, nutrients would leak out as soon as they enter. Worse still, leaky membranes would lose primordial genetic material. We present a physicochemical method for triggering passive endocytosis in model primitive cells. The import of nutrients into a stable internalized compartment enables the model primitive cell to gradually absorb the nutrients, thereby breaking the symmetry of passive permeation. Semipermeable membranes are a key feature of all living organisms. While specialized membrane transporters in cells can import otherwise impermeable nutrients, the earliest cells would have lacked a mechanism to import nutrients rapidly under nutrient-rich circumstances. Using both experiments and simulations, we find that a process akin to passive endocytosis can be recreated in model primitive cells. Molecules that are too impermeable to be absorbed can be taken up in a matter of seconds in an endocytic vesicle. The internalized cargo can then be slowly released over hours, into the main lumen or putative cytoplasm. This work demonstrates a way by which primitive life could have broken the symmetry of passive permeation prior to the evolution of protein transporters.
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