The Impact of Neurotransmitters on the Neurobiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
The Impact of Neurotransmitters on the Neurobiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms242015340
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发表时间：
2023-10-19
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Zhu J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis SE;Cirincione AB;Jimenez-Torres AC;Zhu J
神经退行性疾病影响着全世界数百万人。神经退行性疾病是由大脑中的神经细胞或周围神经系统连接的进行性损伤引起的，这些神经细胞或周围神经系统连接对于认知、协调、力量、感觉和移动性至关重要。这些脑和神经功能的功能障碍与阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症和运动神经元疾病有关。除此之外，50%的艾滋病毒感染者会出现一系列认知、运动和/或情绪问题，统称为艾滋病毒相关神经认知障碍（HAND），尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法的组合得到了广泛使用。神经炎症和神经递质系统具有病理相关性，并且在神经退行性疾病的发展中起关键作用。这些疾病中的每一种都具有独特的神经递质系统失调模式，这归因于不同形式的细胞特异性神经元损失。在这篇综述中，我们将集中讨论多巴胺能和胆碱能系统的调节，这是更常见的神经退行性疾病的干扰。此外，我们将提供证据的假设，在神经传递的干扰有助于神经元的损失观察到的神经退行性疾病。此外，我们将强调多巴胺作为神经元损伤和损失的介质在NeuroHIV背景下的关键作用。这篇综述将强调需要进一步研究神经传递系统在神经退行性疾病病因中的作用。
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Neurodegenerative diseases result from progressive damage to nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system connections that are essential for cognition, coordination, strength, sensation, and mobility. Dysfunction of these brain and nerve functions is associated with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and motor neuron disease. In addition to these, 50% of people living with HIV develop a spectrum of cognitive, motor, and/or mood problems collectively referred to as HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) despite the widespread use of a combination of antiretroviral therapies. Neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter systems have a pathological correlation and play a critical role in developing neurodegenerative diseases. Each of these diseases has a unique pattern of dysregulation of the neurotransmitter system, which has been attributed to different forms of cell-specific neuronal loss. In this review, we will focus on a discussion of the regulation of dopaminergic and cholinergic systems, which are more commonly disturbed in neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, we will provide evidence for the hypothesis that disturbances in neurotransmission contribute to the neuronal loss observed in neurodegenerative disorders. Further, we will highlight the critical role of dopamine as a mediator of neuronal injury and loss in the context of NeuroHIV. This review will highlight the need to further investigate neurotransmission systems for their role in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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