MicroRNAs in hematopoietic development.

MicroRNAs in hematopoietic development.
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DOI:
10.1186/1471-2172-15-14
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发表时间:
2014-03-31
期刊:
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Monticelli S
Monticelli S
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Montagner S;Dehó L;Monticelli S

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MicroRNA (miRNA) 是短非编码 RNA,参与多种生物过程的转录后调节。通过与靶标信使 RNA 上的互补序列结合,它们触发靶标的翻译抑制和降解,最终导致蛋白质输出减少。蛋白质翻译的 miRNA 依赖性调节是一种非常广泛且进化上保守的基因表达转录后控制机制。因此,很大一部分哺乳动物基因可能受到 miRNA 的调节。在造血系统中,基因表达的转录和转录后调节确保干细胞、定型祖细胞以及成熟细胞的正确分化和功能。近年来,造血系统中各种细胞类型的 miRNA 表达谱以及评估单个 miRNA 功能的基因靶向方法揭示了这种类型的调节在先天性和获得性免疫发展中的重要性。我们讨论了 miRNA 生物发生在造血细胞发育中的一般作用,以及干细胞和成熟免疫细胞中各个 miRNA 的具体功能。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of a wide range of biological processes. By binding to complementary sequences on target messenger RNAs, they trigger translational repression and degradation of the target, eventually resulting in reduced protein output. MiRNA-dependent regulation of protein translation is a very widespread and evolutionarily conserved mechanism of posttranscriptional control of gene expression. Accordingly, a high proportion of mammalian genes are likely to be regulated by miRNAs. In the hematopoietic system, both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression ensure proper differentiation and function of stem cells, committed progenitors as well as mature cells. In recent years, miRNA expression profiling of various cell types in the hematopoietic system, as well as gene-targeting approaches to assess the function of individual miRNAs, revealed the importance of this type of regulation in the development of both innate and acquired immunity. We discuss the general role of miRNA biogenesis in the development of hematopoietic cells, as well as specific functions of individual miRNAs in stem cells as well as in mature immune cells.
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