Spatial and temporal variations in indoor environmental conditions, human occupancy, and operational characteristics in a new hospital building.
Spatial and temporal variations in indoor environmental conditions, human occupancy, and operational characteristics in a new hospital building.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0118207
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Stephens B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ramos T;Dedesko S;Siegel JA;Gilbert JA;Stephens B
室内环境条件、人类居住和建筑物的运行特性的动态影响着人类的舒适度和室内环境质量，包括微生物群落的生存和发展。一套连续的，长期的环境和操作参数在芝加哥的一个新的医院建筑的十个病房和两个护士站进行测量，以表征医院微生物组项目中采集微生物样本的室内环境。测量包括病房和护士站的环境条件（室内干球温度、相对湿度、湿度比和照度）；病房和走廊之间的压差；使用室内空气二氧化碳浓度和红外门口光束中断计数器对病房中人类占用和活动进行替代测量；以及为采样空间服务的供暖、通风和空调系统中的室外空气组分。在近一年的连续时间里，每隔5分钟进行一次测量，总共提供了~ 8×106个数据点。室内温度、照度和人的居住/活动在不同房间之间呈弱相关，而相对湿度、湿度比和室外空气组分在不同房间之间呈较强的时间（季节）格局和空间相关性。压差测量证实所有病房都在中性压力下操作。病房平均每天约有100个组合出入口，这表明与高流量环境（例如零售建筑）相比，它们的占用率相对较低，与低流量的办公环境更相似。在病人和工作人员入住医院前后，一些环境参数也有明显差异。表征和理解影响这些建筑动态的因素对于医院环境至关重要，因为它们会影响患者健康以及医疗保健相关感染的生存和传播。
The dynamics of indoor environmental conditions, human occupancy, and operational characteristics of buildings influence human comfort and indoor environmental quality, including the survival and progression of microbial communities. A suite of continuous, long-term environmental and operational parameters were measured in ten patient rooms and two nurse stations in a new hospital building in Chicago, IL to characterize the indoor environment in which microbial samples were taken for the Hospital Microbiome Project. Measurements included environmental conditions (indoor dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, humidity ratio, and illuminance) in the patient rooms and nurse stations; differential pressure between the patient rooms and hallways; surrogate measures for human occupancy and activity in the patient rooms using both indoor air CO2 concentrations and infrared doorway beam-break counters; and outdoor air fractions in the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems serving the sampled spaces. Measurements were made at 5-minute intervals over consecutive days for nearly one year, providing a total of ∼8×106 data points. Indoor temperature, illuminance, and human occupancy/activity were all weakly correlated between rooms, while relative humidity, humidity ratio, and outdoor air fractions showed strong temporal (seasonal) patterns and strong spatial correlations between rooms. Differential pressure measurements confirmed that all patient rooms were operated at neutral pressure. The patient rooms averaged about 100 combined entrances and exits per day, which suggests they were relatively lightly occupied compared to higher traffic environments (e.g., retail buildings) and more similar to lower traffic office environments. There were also clear differences in several environmental parameters before and after the hospital was occupied with patients and staff. Characterizing and understanding factors that influence these building dynamics is vital for hospital environments, where they can impact patient health and the survival and spread of healthcare associated infections.
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