Long-term balancing selection contributes to adaptation in Arabidopsis and its relatives.
Long-term balancing selection contributes to adaptation in Arabidopsis and its relatives.
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长期平衡选择有助于拟南芥及其近缘植物的适应
DOI：
10.1186/s13059-017-1342-8
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发表时间：
2017-11-15
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Guo YL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu Q;Han TS;Chen X;Chen JF;Zou YP;Li ZW;Xu YC;Guo YL
与通过修复有益等位基因来减少遗传变异的正选择相反，平衡选择维持种群或物种内的遗传变异，并在不同生物体的适应中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，哪些基因在全基因组范围内处于平衡选择之下，以及这些基因在多大程度上参与适应，在很大程度上尚不清楚。我们对两种植物（拟南芥及其近缘荠菜）进行了全基因组扫描，寻找平衡选择下的基因，这两种植物在大约 800 万代之前就出现了分歧。在数百个具有共享编码区多态性的基因中，我们在五个基因中找到了长期平衡选择的证据：AT1G35220、AT2G16570、AT4G29360、AT5G38460 和 AT5G44000。这些基因参与对生物和非生物胁迫以及其他基本生化过程的反应。更有趣的是，对于这些基因，我们检测到两个单倍型组之间存在显着的生态多样性，这表明平衡选择对于适应非常重要。我们的结果表明，除了众所周知的S位点基因和抗性基因之外，许多位点都处于平衡选择之下。这些基因主要与对压力的抵抗力或其他基本功能相关，并且可能在适应不同栖息地方面发挥比以前认为的更重要的作用。本文的在线版本 (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1342-8) 包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
In contrast to positive selection, which reduces genetic variation by fixing beneficial alleles, balancing selection maintains genetic variation within a population or species and plays crucial roles in adaptation in diverse organisms. However, which genes, genome-wide, are under balancing selection and the extent to which these genes are involved in adaptation are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide scan for genes under balancing selection across two plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana and its relative Capsella rubella, which diverged about 8 million generations ago. Among hundreds of genes with shared coding-region polymorphisms, we find evidence for long-term balancing selection in five genes: AT1G35220, AT2G16570, AT4G29360, AT5G38460, and AT5G44000. These genes are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stress and other fundamental biochemical processes. More intriguingly, for these genes, we detected significant ecological diversification between the two haplotype groups, suggesting that balancing selection has been very important for adaptation. Our results indicate that beyond the well-known S-locus genes and resistance genes, many loci are under balancing selection. These genes are mostly correlated with resistance to stress or other fundamental functions and likely play a more important role in adaptation to diverse habitats than previously thought. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1342-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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