In defense of Bacillus thuringiensis, the safest and most successful microbial insecticide available to humanity - a response to EFSA.
In defense of Bacillus thuringiensis, the safest and most successful microbial insecticide available to humanity - a response to EFSA.
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DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fix084
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Federici BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raymond B;Federici BA
蜡样芽孢杆菌群包含脊椎动物病原体，如炭疽芽孢杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌，以及无脊椎动物病原体苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）。基于Bt的微生物生物农药被广泛认为是最安全、对环境危害最小的杀虫剂之一。尽管如此，最近发生的一起食物中毒事件促使欧洲食品安全局（European Food Safety Authority）进行了审查，认为Bt对健康的危害相当于导致腹泻的蜡样芽孢杆菌。然而，对现有数据和这一最新事件的严格审查没有提供确凿的证据表明Bt引起腹泻。虽然食品中可能存在相对较高水平的蜡样芽孢杆菌孢子，但基因分型表明，这些孢子主要是自然产生的菌株，而不是生物农药。此外，bbb2000分离株的MLST基因分型显示，从未从任何临床感染中分离到生物农药基因型。MLST数据表明，蜡样芽孢杆菌类群具有异质性，由不同的支系组成，在生物学、生态学和寄主关联方面存在较大差异。构成最大风险的群体（炭疽分支）与含有所有生物农药的分支有远亲关系。这些最近的数据支持了长期以来的观点，即Bt，特别是Bt生物农药中使用的菌株对人类非常安全。本文对苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiesis）这一在生物防治中具有重要商业意义的物种是否能够感染脊椎动物进行了批判性的研究。
The Bacillus cereus group contains vertebrate pathogens such as B. anthracis and B. cereus and the invertebrate pathogen B. thuringiensis (Bt). Microbial biopesticides based on Bt are widely recognised as being among the safest and least environmentally damaging insecticidal products available. Nevertheless, a recent food-poisoning incident prompted a European Food Safety Authority review which argued that Bt poses a health risk equivalent to B. cereus, a causative agent of diarrhoea. However, a critical examination of available data, and this latest incident, provides no solid evidence that Bt causes diarrhoea. Although relatively high levels of B. cereus-like spores can occur in foods, genotyping demonstrates that these are predominantly naturally occurring strains rather than biopesticides. Moreover, MLST genotyping of >2000 isolates show that biopesticide genotypes have never been isolated from any clinical infection. MLST data demonstrate that B. cereus group is heterogeneous and formed of distinct clades with substantial differences in biology, ecology and host association. The group posing the greatest risk (the anthracis clade) is distantly related to the clade containing all biopesticides. These recent data support the long-held view that Bt and especially the strains used in Bt biopesticides are very safe for humans. This article critically examines the available evidence on whether Bacillus thuringiesis, a species commericially important in biocontrol, is capable of infecting vertebrates.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
BURGES, HD;HURST, JA
通讯作者：
HURST, JA
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Guinebretiere, Marie-Helene;Velge, Philippe;Nguyen-The, Christophe
通讯作者：
Nguyen-The, Christophe
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Bishop, AH;Johnson, C;Perani, M
通讯作者：
Perani, M
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
GONZALEZ, JM;DULMAGE, HT;CARLTON, BC
通讯作者：
CARLTON, BC
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Cardazzo, Barbara;Negrisolo, Enrico;Giaccone, Valerio
通讯作者：
Giaccone, Valerio