Adaptive evolution in zinc finger transcription factors.
Adaptive evolution in zinc finger transcription factors.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1000325
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发表时间：
2009-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Thomas JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emerson RO;Thomas JH
大多数人类基因在哺乳动物中是保守的，但一些基因家族在特定的谱系中经历了广泛的扩展。在这里，我们提出了一个这样的基因家族，多锌指（聚ZF）基因的进化分析。人类基因组编码约700个成员的poly-ZF家族的推定转录抑制因子，其中许多相关的KRAB，SCAN，或BTB结构域。对整个生命树的基因家族的分析表明，该基因家族通过许多重复的基因复制伴随着功能分歧而从真核锌指转录因子的一个小祖先群体中产生。祖先基因家族可能在几个谱系中独立扩展，包括哺乳动物和一些鱼类。最近的旁系同源使用dN/dS分析的适应性进化的调查表明，这些基因上的选择压力的一个主要组成部分一直是积极的选择，以改变它们的DNA结合特异性。这些结果表明，poly-ZF基因是人类和其他灵长类动物中新的转录抑制活性的主要来源。基因家族是高等生物基因组中普遍存在的一个特征，它是由现有基因的重复复制和多样化而产生的。在这项研究中，我们分析了人类最大的基因家族之一，多锌指基因的进化历史。每个多锌指基因被认为是通过调节一个或多个其他基因的表达水平来发挥作用，但大多数多锌指基因的最终功能和目的尚不清楚。我们发现，多锌指基因家族在包括人类在内的许多谱系中迅速增长，并且进化有利于创造新的多锌指基因，这些基因具有与其衍生基因不同的DNA靶点。这些结果表明，新的和不同的多锌指基因的出现可能对人类和许多其他动物物种的进化很重要。
The majority of human genes are conserved among mammals, but some gene families have undergone extensive expansion in particular lineages. Here, we present an evolutionary analysis of one such gene family, the poly–zinc-finger (poly-ZF) genes. The human genome encodes approximately 700 members of the poly-ZF family of putative transcriptional repressors, many of which have associated KRAB, SCAN, or BTB domains. Analysis of the gene family across the tree of life indicates that the gene family arose from a small ancestral group of eukaryotic zinc-finger transcription factors through many repeated gene duplications accompanied by functional divergence. The ancestral gene family has probably expanded independently in several lineages, including mammals and some fishes. Investigation of adaptive evolution among recent paralogs using dN/dS analysis indicates that a major component of the selective pressure acting on these genes has been positive selection to change their DNA-binding specificity. These results suggest that the poly-ZF genes are a major source of new transcriptional repression activity in humans and other primates. Gene families, arising by the repeated duplication and diversification of existing genes, are a pervasive feature of the genomes of higher organisms. In this study, we analyze the evolutionary history of one of the largest gene families in humans, the poly–zinc-finger genes. Each poly–zinc-finger gene is thought to act by regulating the expression levels of one or more other genes, but the ultimate function and purpose of most poly–zinc-finger genes is unknown. We have found that the poly–zinc-finger gene family has been growing rapidly in many lineages including the human lineage, and that evolution has favored the creation of new poly–zinc-finger genes that have different DNA targets than the genes from which they were derived. These results suggest that the emergence of new and different poly–zinc-finger genes has probably been important in the evolution of humans and many other animal species.
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.022897
发表时间：
2008-09
期刊：
Development (Cambridge, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
García-García MJ;Shibata M;Anderson KV
通讯作者：
Anderson KV
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Gebelein, B;Urrutia, R
通讯作者：
Urrutia, R
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Horiba, Masahide;Martinez, Lindsey B.;Ikezu, Tsuneya
通讯作者：
Ikezu, Tsuneya
DOI：
10.1038/nsb1196-940
发表时间：
1996-11-01
期刊：
NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kim, CA;Berg, JM
通讯作者：
Berg, JM
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Friedman, JR;Fredericks, WJ;Rauscher, FJ
通讯作者：
Rauscher, FJ