Exploring the Accessory Genome of Multidrug-Resistant Rhodococcus equi Clone 2287.

Exploring the Accessory Genome of Multidrug-Resistant Rhodococcus equi Clone 2287.
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DOI:
10.3390/antibiotics12111631
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发表时间:
2023-11-17
期刊:
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
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其他
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几十年来过度使用抗生素治疗马驹呼吸道疾病,促进了人畜共患多药耐药(MDR)马红球菌的出现和在世界范围内的传播。到目前为止,已鉴定出三个主要的马立克次体MDR克隆群体-2287、G2106和G2017。然而,从患病动物中仅分离到克隆2287和G2016,其中克隆2287是恢复的主要MDR马。使这种MDR克隆在感染小马驹方面优于其他克隆的遗传机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们对207个马立克斯菌的辅助基因组进行了深入的遗传特征分析,并描述了2287号克隆的辅助基因组中的一个新的遗传元件IME2287,它可能参与了这个MDR群体随着时间的推移的维持和传播。IME2287是一种可能的自我复制的整合性可动员元件(IME),它携带一个DNA复制和分割操纵子及其编码基因,通过丝氨酸重组酶从马立克氏杆菌基因组中切除和整合。此外,IME2287编码一个含有Toll/IL-1受体(TIR)结构域的蛋白,该结构域可能抑制TLR介导的寄主中的NF-kB信号,以及毒素-抗毒素(TA)系统,其同源基因与抗生素耐药性/耐受性、毒力、致病岛、细菌持久性和病原体运输有关。这组新的基因可能解释了2287克隆比其他MDR马克隆成功的原因。
Decades of antimicrobial overuse to treat respiratory disease in foals have promoted the emergence and spread of zoonotic multidrug-resistant (MDR) Rhodococcus equi worldwide. Three main R. equi MDR clonal populations—2287, G2106, and G2017—have been identified so far. However, only clones 2287 and G2016 have been isolated from sick animals, with clone 2287 being the main MDR R. equi recovered. The genetic mechanisms that make this MDR clone superior to the others at infecting foals are still unknown. Here, we performed a deep genetic characterization of the accessory genomes of 207 R. equi isolates, and we describe IME2287, a novel genetic element in the accessory genome of clone 2287, potentially involved in the maintenance and spread of this MDR population over time. IME2287 is a putative self-replicative integrative mobilizable element (IME) carrying a DNA replication and partitioning operon and genes encoding its excision and integration from the R. equi genome via a serine recombinase. Additionally, IME2287 encodes a protein containing a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain that may inhibit TLR-mediated NF-kB signaling in the host and a toxin–antitoxin (TA) system, whose orthologs have been associated with antibiotic resistance/tolerance, virulence, pathogenicity islands, bacterial persistence, and pathogen trafficking. This new set of genes may explain the success of clone 2287 over the other MDR R. equi clones.
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