The meaning and computation of causal power: comment on Cheng (1997) and Novick and Cheng (2004).

The meaning and computation of causal power: comment on Cheng (1997) and Novick and Cheng (2004).
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因果力的含义和计算:对 Cheng (1997) 以及 Novick 和 Cheng (2004) 的评论。

DOI:
10.1037/0033-295x.112.3.685
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发表时间:
2005
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Ahn,Woo-Kyoung
Ahn,Woo-Kyoung
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Luhmann,ChristianC;Ahn,Woo-Kyoung

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休谟(1739/1987)认为因果关系是不可观察的。PW Cheng(1997)声称提出了“对休谟在两个半世纪前首次提出的因果归纳法问题的理论解决方案”(p。398)以权力PC理论的形式(LR Novick & PW Cheng, 2004)。该理论声称,人们在因果归纳法中的目标是从可观察到的共变中估计因果能力,并概述了在特定条件下如何做到这一点。作者首先证明,如果必要的假设得到满足,因果关系的力量对推理者来说是不言而喻的——它们要么是0,要么是1——这使得理论没有必要。作者进一步认为,权力PC理论计算因果权力所需的假设在现实世界中是无法实现的,而且,人们意识到必要的假设被违反了。因此,作者认为,人们不会试图计算因果力。
D. Hume (1739/1987) argued that causality is not observable. PW Cheng (1997) claimed to present “a theoretical solution to the problem of causal induction first posed by Hume more than two and a half centuries ago”(p. 398) in the form of the power PC theory (LR Novick & PW Cheng, 2004). This theory claims that people's goal in causal induction is to estimate causal powers from observable covariation and outlines how this can be done in specific conditions. The authors first demonstrate that if the necessary assumptions were ever met, causal powers would be self-evident to a reasoner—they are either 0 or 1—making the theory unnecessary. The authors further argue that the assumptions the power PC theory requires to compute causal power are unobtainable in the real world and, furthermore, people are aware that requisite assumptions are violated. Therefore, the authors argue that people do not attempt to compute causal power.
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