Occupational and educational inequalities in exit from employment at older ages: evidence from seven prospective cohorts.
Occupational and educational inequalities in exit from employment at older ages: evidence from seven prospective cohorts.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1136/oemed-2017-104619
复制
发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Head J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carr E;Fleischmann M;Goldberg M;Kuh D;Murray ET;Stafford M;Stansfeld S;Vahtera J;Xue B;Zaninotto P;Zins M;Head J
过去的研究发现，在老年人退出劳动力市场的时机和途径方面存在社会经济不平等。然而，很少有研究跨国家比较这些趋势，现有证据侧重于北欧国家的具体机构结果(如残疾养老金和疾病缺勤)。我们考察了不同教育程度和不同职业等级的工作退出风险和健康相关工作退出风险的差异。前瞻性纵向数据来自7项研究(n=99 164)。参与者在50岁左右至少做过一次有偿工作。劳动力市场的退出是根据工作时间的减少、自我报告的就业状况的变化或行政记录得出的。与健康有关的离职是通过领取与健康有关的福利或养恤金或从所报告的停工原因确定的。对每项研究的COX回归模型进行估计，并根据基线自评健康和出生队列进行调整。在随访期间有50个 003工作退出，其中与健康有关的平均14%(范围2-32%)。在大多数研究中，低教育水平和低职业等级与健康相关的离职风险增加相关。低教育水平和职业等级也与任何退出工作的风险增加有关，尽管不同研究之间的一致性较差。社会经济地位较低的工人因健康原因退出工作的风险增加。延长工作年限的政策可能会不成比例地对这些工人不利，特别是在那些因健康状况不佳而离职的人缺乏机构支持的情况下。
Past studies have identified socioeconomic inequalities in the timing and route of labour market exit at older ages. However, few studies have compared these trends cross-nationally and existing evidence focuses on specific institutional outcomes (such as disability pension and sickness absence) in Nordic countries. We examined differences by education level and occupational grade in the risks of work exit and health-related work exit. Prospective longitudinal data were drawn from seven studies (n=99 164). Participants were in paid work at least once around age 50. Labour market exit was derived based on reductions in working hours, changes in self-reported employment status or from administrative records. Health-related exit was ascertained by receipt of health-related benefit or pension or from the reported reason for stopping work. Cox regression models were estimated for each study, adjusted for baseline self-rated health and birth cohort. There were 50 003 work exits during follow-up, of which an average of 14% (range 2–32%) were health related. Low level education and low occupational grade were associated with increased risks of health-related exit in most studies. Low level education and occupational grade were also associated with an increased risk of any exit from work, although with less consistency across studies. Workers with low socioeconomic position have an increased risk of health-related exit from employment. Policies that extend working life may disadvantage such workers disproportionally, especially where institutional support for those exiting due to poor health is minimal.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Jones, Rebecca;Hardy, Rebecca;Thomas, Claudia
通讯作者：
Thomas, Claudia
DOI：
10.1017/s0144686x03001314
发表时间：
2003-09-01
期刊：
AGEING AND SOCIETY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Evandrou, M;Glaser, K
通讯作者：
Glaser, K
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Robroek, Suzan J. W.;Rongen, Anne;Schuring, Merel
通讯作者：
Schuring, Merel
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Kanabar, Ricky
通讯作者：
Kanabar, Ricky
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Johansson, Elin;Leijon, Ola;Hemmingsson, Tomas
通讯作者：
Hemmingsson, Tomas