Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases.
Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases.
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传染病出现的因素。
DOI：
10.3201/eid0101.950102
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发表时间：
1995-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Morse SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morse SS
“新发”传染病可定义为在某一人群中新出现的感染，或者是原本已存在但发病率或地理范围迅速增加的感染。近期的例子包括艾滋病病毒/艾滋病、汉坦病毒肺综合征、莱姆病以及溶血性尿毒综合征（由某些大肠杆菌菌株引起的食源性感染）。几乎在所有病例中都能确定促使疾病出现的具体因素。这些因素包括生态、环境或人口统计学因素，它们使人们与以前不熟悉的微生物或其天然宿主的接触增加，或促进其传播。这些因素的普遍性正在增加；这种增加，连同病毒和微生物变体的持续进化以及对耐药性的选择，表明感染将继续出现，可能还会增加，并强调了有效监测和控制的迫切需要。大卫·萨彻博士的文章以及本综述开启了《视角》栏目，这是本刊的一个固定栏目，旨在提出和发展考虑新发感染及其潜在因素的统一概念和策略。编辑们欢迎对《视角》栏目投稿，包括综述、综合论述以及案例研究，这些内容有助于阐明感染是如何及为何出现的，以及如何对其进行预测和预防。
"Emerging" infectious diseases can be defined as infections that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. Among recent examples are HIV/AIDS, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Lyme disease, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (a foodborne infection caused by certain strains of Escherichia coli). Specific factors precipitating disease emergence can be identified in virtually all cases. These include ecological, environmental, or demographic factors that place people at increased contact with a previously unfamiliar microbe or its natural host or promote dissemination. These factors are increasing in prevalence; this increase, together with the ongoing evolution of viral and microbial variants and selection for drug resistance, suggests that infections will continue to emerge and probably increase and emphasizes the urgent need for effective surveillance and control. Dr. David Satcher's article and this overview inaugurate Perspectives, a regular section in this journal intended to present and develop unifying concepts and strategies for considering emerging infections and their underlying factors. The editors welcome, as contributions to the Perspectives section, overviews, syntheses, and case studies that shed light on how and why infections emerge, and how they may be anticipated and prevented.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
ALLAN, JS;SHORT, M;HAHN, BH
通讯作者：
HAHN, BH
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
COHEN, ML
通讯作者：
COHEN, ML
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
HOGE, CW;REICHLER, MR;BREIMAN, RF
通讯作者：
BREIMAN, RF
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
EPSTEIN, PR;FORD, TE;COLWELL, RR
通讯作者：
COLWELL, RR
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
BLOOM, BR;MURRAY, CJL
通讯作者：
MURRAY, CJL