The Mechanisms of Fur Development and Color Formation in American Mink Revealed Using Comparative Transcriptomics.
The Mechanisms of Fur Development and Color Formation in American Mink Revealed Using Comparative Transcriptomics.
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使用比较转录组学揭示美国水貂皮毛发育和颜色形成的机制
DOI：
10.3390/ani12223088
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发表时间：
2022-11-09
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美国水貂是一种毛皮动物，已被人类成功驯化。水貂制成的毛皮制品细腻、柔软结实、毛绒光泽，深受人们喜爱。养殖水貂的原始颜色是深棕色，但人们并不满足于单一颜色的毛皮产品。经过一百多年的繁殖，产生了各种丰富多彩的毛皮颜色。因为白色很容易染，黑色可以和任何东西搭配，这两种水貂是养殖最广泛的。然而，这两种水貂毛色形成和皮毛发育的分子机制尚不清楚。通过对这两种水貂皮肤转录组的分析，获得了它们毛色形成和皮毛发育的分子机制。酪氨酸酶及酪氨酸酶相关蛋白基因的表达是毛色形成的主要原因。角蛋白相关蛋白基因是毛皮发育的主要调控基因。本研究可为水貂良种繁育提供数据支持。摘要美国水貂毛皮是一种重要的经济产品，但其颜色形成和毛皮发育的分子机制尚不清楚。我们使用RNA-seq分析了两种不同毛色的年轻和成年水貂的皮肤转录组。水貂包括黑色成年貂（AB）、白色成年貂（AW）、黑色幼貂（TB）和白色幼貂（TW）（各3只）。通过配对比较和不同亚群间的交叉筛选，我们发现13个KRTAP基因和5条信号通路，（JAK-STAT信号通路（cfa 04630），调节干细胞多能性的信号通路（cfa 04550）、ECM-受体相互作用（cfa 04512）、粘着斑（cfa 04510）和Ras信号通路（cfa 04014））与水貂皮毛发育相关。我们还发现酪氨酸酶家族成员（TYR，TYRP 1和TYRP 2）参与水貂毛色形成。青年黑貂TYR基因的表达量高于青年白貂，成年黑貂TYR基因的表达量低于青年白貂。我们的研究发现成年和幼年水貂皮肤转录组的显着差异，这可能有助于阐明水貂毛皮发育的机制。与此同时，黑貂和白色貂的皮肤转录组也显示出差异，结果因年龄而异，这表明调控毛色的基因在早期发育阶段而非成年期活跃。本研究结果为水貂毛色育种和毛皮品质改良提供了分子基础。
Simple Summary The American mink is a fur animal that has been successfully domesticated by humans. The fur products made of mink are fine, soft and strong, plush and glossy, which are deeply loved by people. The original color of farmed mink is dark brown, but people are not satisfied with a single color of fur products. After more than one hundred years of breeding, a variety of colorful fur colors have been produced. Because white is easy to dye and black can be paired with anything, these two mink species are the most widely farmed. However, the molecular mechanisms of the color formation and fur development of these two minks remain unclear. Through skin transcriptome analysis of these two minks, we obtained the molecular mechanism of their coat color formation and fur development. The expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein genes is the main reason for the formation of coat color. The keratin associated protein gene is the main regulatory gene for fur development. The research in this paper can provide data support for good breeding of mink. Abstract American mink fur is an important economic product, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its color formation and fur development remain unclear. We used RNA-seq to analyze the skin transcriptomes of young and adult mink with two different hair colors. The mink comprised black adults (AB), white adults (AW), black juveniles (TB), and white juveniles (TW) (three each). Through pair comparison and cross-screening among different subgroups, we found that 13 KRTAP genes and five signaling pathways (the JAK–STAT signaling pathway (cfa04630), signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells (cfa04550), ECM–receptor interaction (cfa04512), focal adhesion (cfa04510), and the Ras signaling pathway (cfa04014)) were related to mink fur development. We also found that members of a tyrosinase family (TYR, TYRP1, and TYRP2) are involved in mink hair color formation. The expression levels of TYR were higher in young black mink than in young white mink, but this phenomenon was not observed in adult mink. Our study found significant differences in adult and juvenile mink skin transcriptomes, which may shed light on the mechanisms of mink fur development. At the same time, the skin transcriptomes of black and white mink also showed differences, with the results varying by age, suggesting that the genes regulating hair color are active in early development rather than in adulthood. The results of this study provide molecular support in breeding for mink coat color and improving fur quality.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Imes DL;Geary LA;Grahn RA;Lyons LA
通讯作者：
Lyons LA
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Hida T;Wakamatsu K;Sviderskaya EV;Donkin AJ;Montoliu L;Lynn Lamoreux M;Yu B;Millhauser GL;Ito S;Barsh GS;Jimbow K;Bennett DC
通讯作者：
Bennett DC
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Khan I;Maldonado E;Vasconcelos V;O'Brien SJ;Johnson WE;Antunes A
通讯作者：
Antunes A
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Gong, Hua;Zhou, Huitong;Hickford, Jon G. H.
通讯作者：
Hickford, Jon G. H.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Gong, Hua;Zhou, Huitong;Hickford, Jon G. H.
通讯作者：
Hickford, Jon G. H.