The site-selectivity and mechanism of Pd-catalyzed C(sp(2))-H arylation of simple arenes.

The site-selectivity and mechanism of Pd-catalyzed C(sp(2))-H arylation of simple arenes.
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PD催化C(SP(2))的位点选择性和机制 - 简单领域的H芳基化。

DOI:
10.1039/d0sc05414c
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发表时间:
2020-10-27
期刊:
影响因子:
8.4
通讯作者:
Hong SH
Hong SH
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kim D;Choi G;Kim W;Kim D;Kang YK;Hong SH

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控制催化C-H官能化反应的位置选择性是有机合成中实际应用的关键挑战。尽管在2006年钯催化的简单芳烃的C(sp2)-H芳基化通过协调的金属化-去质子化(CMD)途径的开创性突破,理解反应的位点选择性仍然难以捉摸。本文对钯催化的简单芳烃直接C-H芳基化反应的反应范围、位点选择性和反应机理进行了全面的研究。反直觉地,富电子芳烃优选地进行间位芳基化而不需要专门设计的导向基团,而带有氟或氰基的缺电子芳烃表现出高邻位选择性,并且带有大体积吸电子基团的缺电子芳烃有利于间位产物。通过动力学测量和化学计量实验相结合,使用芳基钯配合物的综合机制研究表明,Pd基催化体系的工作原理通过一个合作的催化剂的机制,而不是最初提出的monoclonal CMD机制,无论一个强有力的协调L型配体的存在。值得注意的是,金属转移步骤,这是由钾阳离子的影响,建议作为选择性决定步骤。在钯催化的简单芳烃C-H芳基化反应中,金属转移步骤而不是C-H活化步骤被认为是选择性决定步骤。
Control over site-selectivity is a critical challenge for practical application of catalytic C–H functionalization reactions in organic synthesis. Despite the seminal breakthrough of the Pd-catalyzed C(sp2)–H arylation of simple arenes via a concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD) pathway in 2006, understanding the site-selectivity of the reaction still remains elusive. Here, we have comprehensively investigated the scope, site-selectivity, and mechanism of the Pd-catalyzed direct C–H arylation reaction of simple arenes. Counterintuitively, electron-rich arenes preferably undergo meta-arylation without the need for a specifically designed directing group, whereas electron-deficient arenes bearing fluoro or cyano groups exhibit high ortho-selectivity and electron-deficient arenes bearing bulky electron-withdrawing groups favor the meta-product. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations through a combination of kinetic measurements and stoichiometric experiments using arylpalladium complexes have revealed that the Pd-based catalytic system works via a cooperative bimetallic mechanism, not the originally proposed monometallic CMD mechanism, regardless of the presence of a strongly coordinating L-type ligand. Notably, the transmetalation step, which is influenced by a potassium cation, is suggested as the selectivity-determining step. The transmetalation step, not the C–H activation step, is suggested as the selectivity-determining step in Pd-catalyzed C–H arylation of simple arenes.
DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806273
发表时间: 2009
影响因子: 16.6
作者:
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影响因子: 2.8
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