Air quality and social deprivation in four French metropolitan areas--a localized spatio-temporal environmental inequality analysis.
Air quality and social deprivation in four French metropolitan areas--a localized spatio-temporal environmental inequality analysis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.017
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发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Deguen, Severine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Padilla, Cindy M.;Kihal-Talantikite, Wahida;Vieira, Veronica M.;Rossello, Philippe;Le Nir, Geraldine;Zmirou-Navier, Denis;Deguen, Severine
关键词：
几项研究证明，更贫困的人口往往生活在环境污染水平较高的地区。然而，对这种不成比例的环境负担分布的时间趋势和地理模式的评估仍然很差，特别是在欧洲。我们研究了法国四个大都市区(北部的里尔、中部的里昂、南部的马赛和巴黎)在两个不同时间段环境空气二氧化氮(NO2)浓度与社会经济和人口数据之间的空间和时间关系。使用的地理单位是人口普查区块。因变量是每个人口普查区块的二氧化氮年平均浓度(微克/立方米)，解释变量是邻里剥夺指数以及来自全国人口普查的社会经济和人口数据。广义加性模型被用来解释空间自相关性。我们发现，贫困和二氧化氮估算之间的联系的强度和方向在不同城市之间存在差异。在巴黎，社会阶层较高的人口普查区块暴露在NO2平均浓度较高的环境中。然而，在里尔和马赛，最贫困的人口普查区暴露在NO2中的风险最大。在里昂，中等社会阶层的人口普查区块比较低社会阶层的人口普查区更有可能具有更高的集中度。尽管在研究期间，四个大都市地区的NO2浓度普遍下降，但我们发现，在环境不平等的时间趋势上，结果截然不同。有明确证据表明，与城市的历史社会经济构成及其演变有关的特定城市的空间和时间环境不平等现象。因此，关于环境和社会不平等的一般性陈述可能不能恰当地描述社会地位较高的人发现生活在特定城市的好处大于较高污染的危害的情况。
Several studies have documented that more deprived populations tend to live in areas characterized by higher levels of environmental pollution. Yet, time trends and geographic patterns of this disproportionate distribution of environmental burden remain poorly assessed, especially in Europe. We investigated the spatial and temporal relationship between ambient air nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations and socioeconomic and demographic data in four French Metropolitan Areas (Lille in the north, Lyon in the center, Marseille in the south, and Paris) during two different time periods. The geographical unit used was the census block. The dependent variable was the NO2 annual average concentration (µg/m3) per census block, and the explanatory variables were a neighborhood deprivation index and socioeconomic and demographic data derived from the national census. Generalized additive models were used to account for spatial autocorrelation. We found that the strength and direction of the association between deprivation and NO2 estimates varied between cities. In Paris, census blocks with the higher social categories are exposed to higher mean concentrations of NO2. However, in Lille and Marseille, the most deprived census blocks are the most exposed to NO2. In Lyon, the census blocks in the middle social categories were more likely to have higher concentrations than in the lower social categories. Despite a general reduction in NO2 concentrations over the study period in the four metropolitan areas, we found contrasting results in the temporal trend of environmental inequalities. There is clear evidence of city-specific spatial and temporal environmental inequalities that relate to the historical socioeconomic make-up of the cities and its evolution. Hence, general statements about environmental and social inequalities may not properly characterize situations where people of higher social status find the benefits of living in a specific city outweigh the detriment of higher pollution.
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影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Jerrett, M;Burnett, RT;Hutchison, B
通讯作者：
Hutchison, B
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Bell ML;Ebisu K
通讯作者：
Ebisu K
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Kohlhuber, M;Mielck, A;Bolte, G
通讯作者：
Bolte, G
DOI：
10.1068/a33137
发表时间：
2001-06-01
期刊：
ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jerrett, M;Burnett, RT;Brook, JR
通讯作者：
Brook, JR
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph7041302
发表时间：
2010-04
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jerrett M;Gale S;Kontgis C
通讯作者：
Kontgis C