Prevention of pneumococcal diseases in the post-seven valent vaccine era: a European perspective.
Prevention of pneumococcal diseases in the post-seven valent vaccine era: a European perspective.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2334-12-207
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发表时间：
2012-09-07
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mantovani L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weil-Olivier C;van der Linden M;de Schutter I;Dagan R;Mantovani L
引入七价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV7）后，幼儿的侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病负担显着下降。肺炎链球菌的流行病学现在反映了 PCV7 中未包含的血清型引起的感染。最近推出的高价肺炎球菌疫苗针对的是侵袭性和非侵袭性感染的残余负担，包括由 PCV7 中未包含的血清型引起的感染。本综述基于 2011 年 6 月在欧洲儿科传染病学会上的发言。监测数据显示，在常规疫苗接种国家中，非 PCV7 疫苗血清型 1、3、6A、6C、7 F 和 19A 的流通量有所增加。初步证据表明，高价疫苗提供的扩大的血清型覆盖范围可能对由其中一些血清型（包括 19A、7 F 和 6C）引起的侵袭性疾病产生影响。社区获得性肺炎的病因学仍然是一个困难的临床诊断。然而，最近的报告表明，肺炎球菌疫苗接种减少了儿童因疫苗血清型肺炎住院的情况。血清型循环的变化以及非 PCV7 血清型引起的复杂性和非复杂性肺炎的发生凸显了高价疫苗减轻剩余负担的潜力。 PCV 可减少由疫苗血清型引起的鼻咽传播和急性中耳炎 (AOM)。最近对肺炎链球菌和不可分型流感嗜血杆菌之间相互作用的研究表明，通过预防早期肺炎球菌携带和 AOM 感染，可以大大减少严重、复杂的 AOM 感染。将疫苗血清型谱扩展到 PCV7 之外可能会为防止 AOM 的进化提供额外的好处。与肺炎球菌疾病相关的直接和间接成本很高，因此群体保护和非疫苗血清型引起的感染都对肺炎球菌疫苗接种的成本效益有很大影响。最近的评估强调了间接效益、预防肺炎和 AOM 以及高价疫苗覆盖非 PCV7 血清型的公共卫生意义。常规疫苗接种大大减轻了儿童肺炎球菌疾病的负担。七价疫苗中的肺炎球菌血清型在疾病分离株中已大大减少。一些非疫苗血清型（例如 1、7 F 和 19A）的流行率有所增加。扩大血清型覆盖范围的肺炎球菌疫苗可能会继续减轻儿童侵袭性疾病和社区获得性肺炎的负担。进一步减少肺炎球菌携带并加强对早期 AOM 感染的预防可能会阻止严重、复杂的 AOM 的发展。评估肺炎球菌结合疫苗的公共卫生益处应包括考虑非侵袭性肺炎球菌感染、疫苗接种的间接影响和扩大血清型覆盖范围。
The burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in young children decreased dramatically following introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). The epidemiology of S. pneumoniae now reflects infections caused by serotypes not included in PCV7. Recently introduced higher valency pneumococcal vaccines target the residual burden of invasive and non-invasive infections, including those caused by serotypes not included in PCV7. This review is based on presentations made at the European Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases in June 2011. Surveillance data show increased circulation of the non-PCV7 vaccine serotypes 1, 3, 6A, 6C, 7 F and 19A in countries with routine vaccination. Preliminary evidence suggests that broadened serotype coverage offered by higher valency vaccines may be having an effect on invasive disease caused by some of those serotypes, including 19A, 7 F and 6C. Aetiology of community acquired pneumonia remains a difficult clinical diagnosis. However, recent reports indicate that pneumococcal vaccination has reduced hospitalisations of children for vaccine serotype pneumonia. Variations in serotype circulation and occurrence of complicated and non-complicated pneumonia caused by non-PCV7 serotypes highlight the potential of higher valency vaccines to decrease the remaining burden. PCVs reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and acute otitis media (AOM) caused by vaccine serotypes. Recent investigations of the interaction between S. pneumoniae and non-typeable H. influenzae suggest that considerable reduction in severe, complicated AOM infections may be achieved by prevention of early pneumococcal carriage and AOM infections. Extension of the vaccine serotype spectrum beyond PCV7 may provide additional benefit in preventing the evolution of AOM. The direct and indirect costs associated with pneumococcal disease are high, thus herd protection and infections caused by non-vaccine serotypes both have strong effects on the cost effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination. Recent evaluations highlight the public health significance of indirect benefits, prevention of pneumonia and AOM and coverage of non-PCV7 serotypes by higher valency vaccines. Routine vaccination has greatly reduced the burden of pneumococcal diseases in children. The pneumococcal serotypes present in the 7-valent vaccine have greatly diminished among disease isolates. The prevalence of some non-vaccine serotypes (e.g. 1, 7 F and 19A) has increased. Pneumococcal vaccines with broadened serotype coverage are likely to continue decreasing the burden of invasive disease, and community acquired pneumonia in children. Further reductions in pneumococcal carriage and increased prevention of early AOM infections may prevent the evolution of severe, complicated AOM. Evaluation of the public health benefits of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines should include consideration of non-invasive pneumococcal infections, indirect effects of vaccination and broadened serotype coverage.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Black, S;Shinefield, H;Edwards, K
通讯作者：
Edwards, K
分子分析改善了病原体鉴定和小儿parapneumonic富裕症的流行病学研究。
DOI：
10.1097/inf.0b013e3182002d14
发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
Blaschke AJ;Heyrend C;Byington CL;Obando I;Vazquez-Barba I;Doby EH;Korgenski EK;Sheng X;Poritz MA;Daly JA;Mason EO;Pavia AT;Ampofo K
通讯作者：
Ampofo K
DOI：
10.1007/s10096-011-1154-9
发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Dunais, B.;Bruno-Bazureault, P.;Pradier, C.
通讯作者：
Pradier, C.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Cevey-Macherel M;Galetto-Lacour A;Gervaix A;Siegrist CA;Bille J;Bescher-Ninet B;Kaiser L;Krahenbuhl JD;Gehri M
通讯作者：
Gehri M
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Bekri, H.;Cohen, R.;Delacourt, C.
通讯作者：
Delacourt, C.