The Role of Xist in X-Chromosome Dosage Compensation.

The Role of Xist in X-Chromosome Dosage Compensation.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tcb.2018.05.005
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发表时间:
2018-12
影响因子:
19
通讯作者:
Plath K
Plath K
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sahakyan A;Yang Y;Plath K

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在雌性哺乳动物的每个体细胞中,一条 X 染色体通过 X 染色体失活 (XCI) 进行转录沉默,在发育早期启动。尽管 XCI 事件在小鼠和人类植入后发育中是保守的,但植入前发育中 X 染色体剂量的调节发生不同。在植入前发育过程中,小鼠胚胎经历印记形式的 XCI,而人类缺乏印记 XCI,而是通过抑制转录来调节两条 X 染色体的基因表达。长非编码 RNA Xist/XIST 在小鼠和人类植入前和植入后发育中表达,以协调 XCI,但其在抑制中的作用尚不清楚。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了我们对 Xist 在小鼠和人类 X 染色体剂量补偿中的作用的理解的最新进展。
In each somatic cell of a female mammal one X chromosome is transcriptionally silenced via X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), initiating early in development. Although XCI events are conserved in mouse and human post-implantation development, regulation of X-chromosome dosage in pre-implantation development occurs differently. In pre-implantation development, mouse embryos undergo imprinted form of XCI, yet humans lack imprinted XCI and instead regulate gene expression of both X-chromosomes by dampening transcription. The long non-coding RNA Xist/XIST is expressed in mouse and human pre- and post-implantation development to orchestrate XCI, but its role in dampening is unclear. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the role of Xist in X-chromosome dosage compensation in mouse and human.
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