Change in psychological distress in response to changes in reduced mobility during the early 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence of modest effects from the U.S.
Change in psychological distress in response to changes in reduced mobility during the early 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence of modest effects from the U.S.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113615
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发表时间：
2021-02
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Patel, Pankaj C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Devaraj, Srikant;Patel, Pankaj C.
关键词：
在2020年初COVID-19疫情期间，美国多个州实施了不同程度严格的原地待命（SIPO），导致各州之间的流动性差异（即，在家里的时间更长）。我们测试是否在流动性的州际差异影响报告的心理困扰的变化。我们的研究并非关于二零二零年下半年COVID-19疫情激增。确定州一级流动性的变化是否与COVID-19大流行早期个人报告的心理困扰的变化相关，以及相关性的强度是否因老年人、女性和非白人而异。我们使用州一级流动性的差异和报告的心理困扰的变化之间的两个日期的5，132个人参加了2020年3月和4月的理解美国研究（UAS）波的采访。我们发现支持适度效应，即，一个标准差的移动性下降与3.02%的心理困扰有关[95%CI：0.4%-5.64%]，并且控制运动强度、饮酒、大麻使用、娱乐性药物使用和冥想强度的变化的效果是稳健的。我们还发现支持女性更强的关联，但不是老年人或非白人。此外，我们没有发现资金耗尽的可能性变化或感染COVID-19的可能性变化的中介效应的支持。我们的研究结果表明，在美国COVID-19早期浪潮期间，由于封锁而导致的流动性减少与报告的心理困扰略有增加有关，尤其是女性。然而，这些结论不应被解释为总体上心理困扰的小幅增加，因为与COVID-19相关的各种非流动性相关因素可能在美国早期COVID-19浪潮期间加剧了心理困扰。
During the early 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, several US states had implemented stay-in-place orders (SIPOs) with varying degrees of stringency which resulted in inter-state differences in mobility (i.e., longer presence at home). We test whether the inter-state differences in mobility influenced changes in reported psychological distress. Our study is not on the surge in COVID-19 in the later part of 2020. To identify whether the change in state-level mobility is associated with the change in individuals’ reported psychological distress during the early COVID-19 pandemic and whether the intensity of the association varies by older individuals, females, and nonwhites. We use differences in state-level mobility and change in reported psychological distress between the two dates of interviews of 5,132 individuals who participated in March and April 2020 waves of Understanding America Study (UAS). We find support for modest effects, i.e., a one standard deviation decline in mobility was associated with a 3.02% higher psychological distress [95% CI: 0.4%–5.64%], and the effects are robust to controlling for reported changes in exercise intensity, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, recreational drug use, and meditation intensity. We also find support for a stronger association for females, but not for older individuals or non-whites. Further, we do not find support for the mediation effects from change in chance of running out of money or change in chance of getting COVID-19. Our findings show that reduced mobility from lockdowns during the early COVID-19 wave in the US is associated with a modest increase in reported psychological distress, especially for females. However, these conclusions should not be construed as a small increase in psychological distress in general, as a variety of non-mobility related factors associated with COVID-19 could have exacerbated psychological distress during the early COVID-19 wave in the US.
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