Laboratory Diagnostic Tools for Syphilis: Current Status and Future Prospects.
Laboratory Diagnostic Tools for Syphilis: Current Status and Future Prospects.
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梅毒实验室诊断工具：现状和未来前景
DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2020.574806
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Xiao Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luo Y;Xie Y;Xiao Y
近20年来，随着梅毒感染人数不断增加，早期诊断、早期治疗对于降低梅毒患病率至关重要。由于其表现多种多样，也可能发生在其他感染中，因此该疾病常常让临床医生感到困惑。因此，检测梅毒螺旋体的灵敏方法对于梅毒的及时诊断至关重要。形态学观察、免疫组化检测、兔传染性试验、血清学试验、核酸扩增试验等已应用于梅毒的诊断。形态学观察，包括暗视野显微镜、银染、梅毒螺旋体直接荧光抗体染色等，可作为一期梅毒下疳标本的直接检测方法。免疫组织化学是一种高度敏感和特异的检测方法，特别是在二期梅毒病变活检中。兔传染性试验被认为是检测临床样本中梅毒螺旋体的敏感且可靠的方法，并用作梅毒诊断的历史标准。梅毒血清学检测广泛采用传统或反向算法的非梅毒螺旋体或梅毒螺旋体检测，并且仍然是诊断梅毒患者的金标准。此外，核酸扩增试验能够检测梅毒患者样本中的梅毒螺旋体DNA。值得注意的是，PCR 可能是一种有前途的方法，但仍有待进一步改进。上述方法在梅毒的各个阶段都发挥着重要作用。本综述旨在总结梅毒检测方法的性能特点。
With the increasing number of patients infected with syphilis in the past 20 years, early diagnosis and early treatment are essential to decline syphilis prevalence. Owing to its diverse manifestations, which may occur in other infections, the disease often makes clinicians confused. Therefore, a sensitive method for detecting T. pallidum is fundamental for the prompt diagnosis of syphilis. Morphological observation, immunohistochemical assay, rabbit infectivity test, serologic tests, and nucleic acid amplification assays have been applied to the diagnosis of syphilis. Morphological observation, including dark-field microscopy, silver-staining, and direct fluorescent antibody staining for T. pallidum, can be used as a direct detection method for chancre specimens in primary syphilis. Immunohistochemistry is a highly sensitive and specific assay, especially in the lesion biopsies from secondary syphilis. Rabbit infectivity test is considered as a sensitive and reliable method for detecting T. pallidum in clinical samples and used as a historical standard for the diagnosis of syphilis. Serologic tests for syphilis are widely adopted using non-treponemal or treponemal tests by either the traditional or reverse algorithm and remain the gold standard in the diagnosis of syphilis patients. In addition, nucleic acid amplification assay is capable of detecting T. pallidum DNA in the samples from patients with syphilis. Notably, PCR is probably a promising method but remains to be further improved. All of the methods mentioned above play important roles in various stages of syphilis. This review aims to provide a summary of the performance characteristics of detection methods for syphilis.
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影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Grange, P. A.;Gressier, L.;Dupin, N.
通讯作者：
Dupin, N.
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
Buffet, Marc;Grange, Philippe A.;Dupin, Nicolas
通讯作者：
Dupin, Nicolas
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Heymans, R.;van der Helm, J. J.;Bruisten, S. M.
通讯作者：
Bruisten, S. M.
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
CenturionLara, A;Castro, C;Lukehart, SA
通讯作者：
Lukehart, SA
梅毒感染中产生的抗体在体外固定颗粒。
影响因子：
15.3
作者：
NELSON, R A Jr;MAYER, M M
通讯作者：
MAYER, M M