Neuroinflammation and neuroimmune dysregulation after acute hypoxic-ischemic injury of developing brain.

Neuroinflammation and neuroimmune dysregulation after acute hypoxic-ischemic injury of developing brain.
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DOI:
10.3389/fped.2014.00144
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Kannan S
Kannan S
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bhalala US;Koehler RC;Kannan S

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发育中的大脑缺氧缺血(HI)损伤由新生儿出生窒息以及婴幼儿心脏骤停引起。它与不同程度的神经后遗症相关,这取决于HI的严重程度和持续时间。全身性HI触发一系列导致神经元损伤的细胞和生化途径。神经元损伤的关键细胞途径之一是炎症。炎症级联反应包括小胶质细胞(所谓的“脑巨噬细胞”)的活化和迁移、外周巨噬细胞向大脑的浸润以及细胞毒性和促炎细胞因子的释放。在本文中,我们综述了发育中的大脑发生全身性HI损伤后继发性神经元损伤的炎症和免疫机制。具体而言,我们强调了当前有关小胶质细胞活化与神经元损伤的关系、促炎和抗炎/修复途径、外周免疫细胞的作用以及免疫调节剂作为神经保护化合物的潜在用途的文献。
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury to developing brain results from birth asphyxia in neonates and from cardiac arrest in infants and children. It is associated with varying degrees of neurologic sequelae, depending upon the severity and length of HI. Global HI triggers a series of cellular and biochemical pathways that lead to neuronal injury. One of the key cellular pathways of neuronal injury is inflammation. The inflammatory cascade comprises activation and migration of microglia – the so-called “brain macrophages,” infiltration of peripheral macrophages into the brain, and release of cytotoxic and proinflammatory cytokines. In this article, we review the inflammatory and immune mechanisms of secondary neuronal injury after global HI injury to developing brain. Specifically, we highlight the current literature on microglial activation in relation to neuronal injury, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory/restorative pathways, the role of peripheral immune cells, and the potential use of immunomodulators as neuroprotective compounds.
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