Counting and the ontogenetic origins of exact equality

Counting and the ontogenetic origins of exact equality
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计数和精确平等的个体起源

DOI:
10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104952
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Schneider, R. M.
Schneider, R. M.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schneider, R. M.

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人类是独一无二的,既能准确地表示数字,又能用符号来表达这些表示。这种相关性引发了关于符号数字系统是否有必要表示大的确切数字的争论。以前的工作解决了这个问题,在不识数的成年人和半识数的儿童一直受到相互矛盾的结果和不同的方法,并没有得到一个明确的答案。我们解决这一问题的辩论,适应方法与numerate人口(一个“集匹配”的任务)为3至5岁的美国儿童在不同阶段的符号数字收购。在五项研究中,我们发现儿童精确匹配集合的能力不仅与知道几个数字单词的含义有关,还与理解如何使用计数来生成集合有关(即,的基本原则)。然而,虽然孩子们在获得基本原则后更有可能匹配集合,但他们仍然表现出失败,这与推理完全相等的能力出现在某个时候的假设相一致。这些发现提供了关于精确数概念起源的重要数据,并指出计数系统的知识,而不是一般的数字语言,是推理大精确数能力的关键因素。
Humans are unique in their capacity to both represent number exactly and to express these representations symbolically. This correlation has prompted debate regarding whether symbolic number systems are necessary to represent large exact number. Previous work addressing this question in innumerate adults and semi-numerate children has been limited by conflicting results and differing methodologies, and has not yielded a clear answer. We address this debate by adapting methods used with innumerate populations (a “set-matching” task) for 3- to 5-year-old US children at varying stages of symbolic number acquisition. In five studies we find that children's ability to match sets exactly is related not simply to knowing the meanings of a few number words, but also to understanding how counting is used to generate sets (i.e., the cardinal principle). However, while children were more likely to match sets after acquiring the cardinal principle, they nevertheless demonstrated failures, compatible with the hypothesis that the ability to reason about exact equality emerges sometime later. These findings provide important data on the origin of exact number concepts, and point to knowledge of a counting system, rather than number language in general, as a key ingredient in the ability to reason about large exact number.
指导 3 岁儿童解释未知数字单词的是语用推理,而不是语义能力。
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