A general model of biological signals, from cues to handicaps.
A general model of biological signals, from cues to handicaps.
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DOI：
10.1002/evl3.57
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Grafen A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biernaskie JM;Perry JC;Grafen A
有机体有时似乎使用奢侈的特征，或“障碍”，向感兴趣的接收者发出他们的质量信号。在它们被用作信号之前，这些特征中的许多特征可能已经被选择为随着个体质量的增加而增加，除了传递信息之外，还允许接收者将这些特征用作质量的“线索”。然而，目前的理论并没有解释何时以及为什么个人素质的线索被夸大成代价高昂的障碍。我们在这里解决这个问题，使用自适应信号的博弈论模型。我们的模型预测：（1）信号将诚实地反映信号质量，只要个体质量和信号特质的自然选择，非信息最佳之间存在正相关;（2）这种关系的斜率将决定昂贵的信号夸张的量，当斜率更浅时，更夸张。一个浅的斜率意味着一个较低质量的男性只需要支付一个很小的健身成本就可以拥有与一个较高质量的男性相同的特征值，这就导致了信号的夸大，因为高质量的信号者被选择来区分自己。我们的模型揭示了一个简单而潜在的广泛机制，以确保信号的诚实性，并预测了一个自然的信号策略连续体，从无成本的线索到昂贵的障碍。
Organisms sometimes appear to use extravagant traits, or “handicaps”, to signal their quality to an interested receiver. Before they were used as signals, many of these traits might have been selected to increase with individual quality for reasons apart from conveying information, allowing receivers to use the traits as “cues” of quality. However, current theory does not explain when and why cues of individual quality become exaggerated into costly handicaps. We address this here, using a game‐theoretic model of adaptive signalling. Our model predicts that: (1) signals will honestly reflect signaler quality whenever there is a positive relationship between individual quality and the signalling trait's naturally selected, non‐informational optimum; and (2) the slope of this relationship will determine the amount of costly signal exaggeration, with more exaggeration favored when the slope is more shallow. A shallow slope means that a lower quality male would pay only a small fitness cost to have the same trait value as a higher quality male, and this drives the exaggeration of signals as high‐quality signalers are selected to distinguish themselves. Our model reveals a simple and potentially widespread mechanism for ensuring signal honesty and predicts a natural continuum of signalling strategies, from cost‐free cues to costly handicaps.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Fraser, Ben
通讯作者：
Fraser, Ben
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Johnstone, R. A.;Rands, S. A.;Evans, M. R.
通讯作者：
Evans, M. R.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2014.0876
发表时间：
2014-09-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Biernaskie, Jay M.;Grafen, Alan;Perry, Jennifer C.
通讯作者：
Perry, Jennifer C.
影响因子：
2
作者：
ZAHAVI, A
通讯作者：
ZAHAVI, A
影响因子：
2
作者：
GRAFEN, A
通讯作者：
GRAFEN, A