Invariant natural killer T cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: killer choice for natural suppression.

Invariant natural killer T cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: killer choice for natural suppression.
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DOI:
10.1038/bmt.2015.335
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发表时间:
2016-05
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Das, R.
Das, R.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guan, P.;Bassiri, H.;Patel, N. P.;Nichols, K. E.;Das, R.

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恒定自然杀伤 T 细胞 (iNKT) 是表达恒定 T 细胞受体 (TCR) 的先天性脂质反应性 T 淋巴细胞。在 iTCR 参与后,iNKT 迅速分泌大量 Th1 和 Th2 细胞因子,并促进包括 NK、T、B 和树突状细胞在内的多种免疫细胞的功能。因此,iNKT 连接先天性和适应性免疫反应,并调节对自身免疫、感染、过敏和癌症的易感性。异基因造血干细胞移植(HSCT)是血液恶性肿瘤患者最有效的治疗方法之一。然而,同种异体移植物中包含的常规 T 细胞介导的有益移植物抗白血病 (GvL) 效应常常因同时发生的移植物抗宿主病 (GvHD) 而受到阻碍。因此,开发能够将 GvHD 与 GvL 分离的策略在临床上仍然具有挑战性。多项临床前和临床研究表明,iNKT 可显着减弱 GvHD,而不消除 GvL 效应。除了保留供体移植物的 GvL 活性外,iNKT 本身还通过直接和间接机制发挥抗肿瘤免疫反应。在此,我们回顾了 iNKT 提供抗肿瘤免疫的各种机制,并讨论了它们在 GvHD 抑制中的作用。我们还强调了操纵 iNKT 用于血液恶性肿瘤细胞治疗的机遇和障碍。
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are innate-like lipid-reactive T lymphocytes that express an invariant T-cell receptor (TCR). Following engagement of the iTCR, iNKTs rapidly secrete copious amounts of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and promote the functions of several immune cells including NK, T, B and dendritic cells. Accordingly, iNKTs bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses and modulate susceptibility to autoimmunity, infection, allergy and cancer. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is one of the most effective treatments for patients with hematologic malignancies. However, the beneficial graft versus leukemia (GvL) effect mediated by the conventional T cells contained within the allograft is often hampered by the concurrent occurrence of graft versus host disease (GvHD). Thus, developing strategies that can dissociate GvHD from GvL remain clinically challenging. Several preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that iNKTs significantly attenuate GvHD without abrogating the GvL effect. Besides preserving the GvL activity of the donor graft, iNKTs themselves exert antitumor immune responses via direct and indirect mechanisms. Herein, we review the various mechanisms by which iNKTs provide antitumor immunity and discuss their roles in GvHD suppression. We also highlight the opportunities and obstacles in manipulating iNKTs for use in the cellular therapy of hematologic malignancies.
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