Probabilistic reinforcement learning abnormalities and their correlates in adolescent bipolar disorders.
Probabilistic reinforcement learning abnormalities and their correlates in adolescent bipolar disorders.
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DOI：
10.1037/abn0000388
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发表时间：
2018-11
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Luciana M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Urošević S;Halverson T;Youngstrom EA;Luciana M
双相情感障碍（BD）的理论模型肯定了奖励系统功能的核心缺陷。然而，明确双相障碍中多重奖励系统的神经行为过程中哪些是异常的，对于制定适当的针对性干预措施是必要的。关于双相障碍的概率强化学习缺陷的研究是有限的，特别是在青春期，一个奖励系统发生重大神经发育变化的时期。本研究利用概率选择任务（PST）及其相关因素，利用自我报告的奖励/威胁敏感性和认知任务，调查了104名双相障碍青少年的概率强化学习。与健康同龄人相比，双相障碍青少年在PST习得阶段不太可能坚持基于先前正反馈的选择（即较低的赢-停留率）。在小组中，更高的赢-留率似乎是一种更有效的学习策略——与更少的习得试验和更好的测试阶段表现有关。赢-停留率也与语言学习指数有关，但与自我报告的奖励/威胁敏感性无关。最后，在考虑了当前症状、奖励敏感性、语言学习和智商的影响后，较低的赢-停留率在预测双相障碍诊断方面具有显著的增量效度。目前的研究结果支持青少年双相障碍中奖励系统的多重功能失调过程，需要额外的检查。这项研究表明，青春期的双相情感障碍——奖励动机行为的成熟变化时期——以奖励系统的多个方面的异常为特征。这些异常之一是依赖于低效的策略来学习环境刺激的奖励值。这种异常似乎可以预测哪些青少年患有双相情感障碍，超出了已经建立的奖励处理和认知缺陷的预测能力。
Theoretical models of bipolar disorders (BD) posit core deficits in reward system function. However, specifying which among the multiple reward system’s neurobehavioral processes are abnormal in BD is necessary to develop appropriately targeted interventions. Research on probabilistic-reinforcement learning deficits in BD is limited, particularly during adolescence, a period of significant neurodevelopmental changes in the reward system. The present study investigated probabilistic-reinforcement learning, using a probabilistic selection task (PST), and its correlates, using self-reported reward/threat sensitivities and cognitive tasks, in 104 adolescents with and without BD. Compared to healthy peers, adolescents with BD were less likely to persist with their choices based on prior positive feedback (i.e., lower win-stay rates) in the PST’s acquisition phase. Across groups, a greater win-stay rate appeared to be a more efficient learning strategy—associated with fewer acquisition trials and better testing phase performance. Win-stay rates were also related to verbal learning indices, but not self-reported reward/threat sensitivities. Finally, lower win-stay rates had significant incremental validity in predicting a BD diagnosis, after accounting for effects of current symptoms, reward sensitivities, verbal learning, and IQ. The present findings support multiple dysfunctional processes of the reward system in adolescent BD that require additional examinations. This study suggests that bipolar disorders during adolescence—a period of maturational changes in reward-motivated behavior—are characterized by abnormalities in multiple facets of the reward system. One of these abnormalities is reliance on inefficient strategies for learning the reward value of environmental stimuli. This abnormality appears to predict which adolescents have a bipolar disorder, beyond the predictive ability of already established reward processing and cognitive deficits.
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影响因子：
11
作者：
Hibar, D. P.;Westlye, L. T.;van Erp, T. G. M.;Rasmussen, J.;Leonardo, C. D.;Faskowitz, J.;Haukvik, U. K.;Hartberg, C. B.;Doan, N. T.;Agartz, I.;Dale, A. M.;Gruber, O.;Kraemer, B.;Trost, S.;Liberg, B.;Abe, C.;Ekman, C. J.;Ingvar, M.;Landen, M.;Fears, S. C.;Freimer, N. B.;Bearden, C. E.;Sprooten, E.;Glahn, D. C.;Pearlson, G. D.;Emsell, L.;Kenney, J.;Scanlon, C.;McDonald, C.;Cannon, D. M.;Almeida, J.;Versace, A.;Caseras, X.;Lawrence, N. S.;Phillips, M. L.;Dima, D.;Delvecchio, G.;Frangou, S.;Satterthwaite, T. D.;Wolf, D.;Houenou, J.;Henry, C.;Malt, U. F.;Boen, E.;Elvsashagen, T.;Young, A. H.;Lloyd, A. J.;Goodwin, G. M.;Mackay, C. E.;Bourne, C.;Bilderbeck, A.;Abramovic, L.;Boks, M. P.;van Haren, N. E. M.;Ophoff, R. A.;Kahn, R. S.;Bauer, M.;Pfennig, A.;Alda, M.;Hajek, T.;Mwangi, B.;Soares, J. C.;Nickson, T.;Dimitrova, R.;Sussmann, J. E.;Hagenaars, S.;Whalley, H. C.;McIntosh, A. M.;Thompson, P. M.;Andreassen, O. A.
通讯作者：
Andreassen, O. A.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Alloy LB;Urošević S;Abramson LY;Jager-Hyman S;Nusslock R;Whitehouse WG;Hogan M
通讯作者：
Hogan M
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Goldstein, Tina R.;Birmaher, Boris;Keller, Martin
通讯作者：
Keller, Martin
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Cicero, David C.;Epler, Amee J.;Sher, Kenneth J.
通讯作者：
Sher, Kenneth J.
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Dickstein, D. P.;Finger, E. C.;Brotman, M. A.;Rich, B. A.;Pine, D. S.;Blair, J. R.;Leibenluft, E.
通讯作者：
Leibenluft, E.