Dock3 protects myelin in the cuprizone model for demyelination.

Dock3 protects myelin in the cuprizone model for demyelination.
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DOI:
10.1038/cddis.2014.357
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发表时间:
2014-08-28
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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胞质分裂贡献因子3(Dock3)属于非典型的鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子家族。它主要在神经组织中表达,并通过激活小的GTdR Rac 1引起细胞形态学变化。我们以前报道过Dock3过表达保护视网膜神经节细胞免受兴奋性毒性细胞死亡。少突胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中轴突的髓鞘形成细胞,这些细胞在包括多发性硬化症(MS)和视神经炎的脱髓鞘疾病中受损。在这项研究中,我们研究了Dock3是否在少突胶质细胞中表达,如果增加Dock3信号可以抑制脱髓鞘的cuprizone诱导的脱髓鞘模型,MS的动物模型。我们证明了Dock3在少突胶质细胞中表达,Dock3过表达保护胼胝体中的髓鞘cuprizone治疗后。此外,我们表明,cuprizone脱髓鞘视神经和脱髓鞘的程度得到改善,在小鼠过表达Dock3。Cuprizone治疗损害视觉功能,这通过多焦视网膜电图(一种已建立的非侵入性方法)证明,并且Dock3过表达阻止了这种作用。在过表达Dock3的小鼠中,Erk激活增加,这表明这至少可以部分解释观察到的保护作用。我们的研究结果表明Dock3可能是包括视神经炎在内的脱髓鞘疾病的治疗靶点。
Dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (Dock3) belongs to an atypical family of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors. It is predominantly expressed in the neural tissues and causes cellular morphological changes by activating the small GTPase Rac1. We previously reported that Dock3 overexpression protects retinal ganglion cells from excitotoxic cell death. Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of axons in the central nervous system and these cells are damaged in demyelinating disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS) and optic neuritis. In this study, we examined if Dock3 is expressed in oligodendrocytes and if increasing Dock3 signals can suppress demyelination in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model, an animal model of MS. We demonstrate that Dock3 is expressed in oligodendrocytes and Dock3 overexpression protects myelin in the corpus callosum following cuprizone treatment. Furthermore, we show that cuprizone demyelinates optic nerves and the extent of demyelination is ameliorated in mice overexpressing Dock3. Cuprizone treatment impairs visual function, which was demonstrated by multifocal electroretinograms, an established non-invasive method, and Dock3 overexpression prevented this effect. In mice overexpressing Dock3, Erk activation is increased, suggesting this may at least partly explain the observed protective effects. Our findings suggest that Dock3 may be a therapeutic target for demyelinating disorders including optic neuritis.
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