H.M., Word Knowledge, and Aging: upport for a New Theory of Long-Term Retrograde Amnesia

H.M., Word Knowledge, and Aging: upport for a New Theory of Long-Term Retrograde Amnesia
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H.M.,单词知识和衰老:支持长期逆行性遗忘症的新理论

DOI:
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发表时间:
2001
期刊:
Psychology Science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
D. G. MacKay
D. G. MacKay
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
L. E. James;D. G. MacKay

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这项研究发展了一种新的长期逆行性健忘症理论,包括情景记忆和语义记忆,包括单词知识。根据这一理论,正常人和海马区遗忘症患者的逆行性遗忘症都反映了由于衰老、最近不使用连接以及一生中很少使用连接而导致的传递障碍。然而,只有健忘者(与正常人不同)不容易形成新的连接来取代不起作用的连接时,传递缺陷才会导致严重的、不可逆转的逆行性健忘症。这项研究的结果与这一理论是一致的:对于低频词而不是高频词,著名的“海马健忘症”(H.M.)在71岁时,在词汇判断实验和意义定义任务(例如,挥霍是什么意思?)中,受试者的表现不如记忆正常的对照组参与者。同样,正如预测的那样,在57岁到71岁之间,低频词的S的词汇判断成绩显著下降,但高频词的词汇判断成绩不随年龄变化。
This study develops a new theory of long-term retrograde amnesia that encompasses episodic and semantic memory, including word knowledge. Under the theory, retrograde amnesia in both normal individuals and hippocampal amnesics reflects transmission deficits caused by aging, nonrecent use of connections, and infrequent use of connections over the life span. However, transmission deficits cause severe and irreversible retrograde amnesia only in amnesics who (unlike normal persons) cannot readily form new connections to replace nonfunctioning ones. The results of this study are consistent with this theory: For low-frequency but not high-frequency words, a famous “hippocampal amnesic” (H.M.) at age 71 performed worse than memory-normal control participants in a lexical decision experiment and a meaning-definition task (e.g., What does squander mean?). Also as predicted, H.M.'s lexical decision performance declined dramatically between ages 57 and 71 for low-frequency words, but was age-invariant for high-frequency words.
闭合性头部损伤后远程记忆受损。
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.48.6.556
发表时间: 1985
期刊: Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
影响因子: --
作者:
Levin,HS;High,WM;Meyers,CA;VonLaufen,A;Hayden,ME;Eisenberg,HM
通讯作者: Eisenberg,HM
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DOI: 10.1037//0882-7974.8.1.34
发表时间: 1993
影响因子: 3.7
作者:
Laver,GD;Burke,DM
通讯作者: Burke,DM