Innovative Optogenetic Strategies for Vision Restoration.
Innovative Optogenetic Strategies for Vision Restoration.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2018.00316
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Flannery JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker CK;Flannery JG
光遗传学的出现开创了神经科学的新时代，通过光的应用可以对神经元进行时空控制。这些用于研究神经回路的工具也可以在治疗上用于恢复视力。为了概括在人类视觉中发现的宽光谱和光敏感性沿着高时间敏感性，研究人员已经鉴定并开发了新的光遗传学工具。在视觉恢复中主要有两种类型的光遗传效应器：离子通道和G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）。基于离子通道的光遗传疗法需要高强度的光，这在较低波长下可能是不安全的，因此已经进行了工作来扩展和红移这些通道的激发光谱。光可激活的GPCR比它们的离子通道对应物对光更敏感，但在激活和失活方面动力学较慢。这篇综述文章探讨了最新的光遗传离子通道和GPCR候选人的视力恢复的基础上光和时间的敏感性。
The advent of optogenetics has ushered in a new era in neuroscience where spatiotemporal control of neurons is possible through light application. These tools used to study neural circuits can also be used therapeutically to restore vision. In order to recapitulate the broad spectral and light sensitivities along with high temporal sensitivity found in human vision, researchers have identified and developed new optogenetic tools. There are two major kinds of optogenetic effectors employed in vision restoration: ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Ion channel based optogenetic therapies require high intensity light that can be unsafe at lower wavelengths, so work has been done to expand and red-shift the excitation spectra of these channels. Light activatable GPCRs are much more sensitive to light than their ion channel counterparts but are slower kinetically in terms of both activation and inactivation. This review article examines the latest optogenetic ion channel and GPCR candidates for vision restoration based on light and temporal sensitivity.
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