Effects of iron deficiency and iron supplementation at the host-microbiota interface: Could a piglet model unravel complexities of the underlying mechanisms?
Effects of iron deficiency and iron supplementation at the host-microbiota interface: Could a piglet model unravel complexities of the underlying mechanisms?
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DOI：
10.3389/fnut.2022.927754
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Lewis, Marie C. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abbas, Munawar;Hayirli, Zeynep;Drakesmith, Hal;Andrews, Simon C. C.;Lewis, Marie C. C.
关键词：
缺铁是人类最普遍的微量营养素缺乏症，扰乱了数百万婴儿和儿童的生理发育。口服铁补充剂用于解决缺铁性贫血并减少相关的发育迟缓，但可能会增加感染风险，因为铁可用性的限制是针对入侵病原体的先天免疫机制。铁利用率的增加与肠道病原体（尤其是肠杆菌科细菌）的增加有关，同时伴随着双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌等有益细菌的减少，可能会扭曲肠道微生物群的发育模式。由于肠道微生物群是免疫发育的主要驱动力，生命早期细菌演替正常模式的偏差可能会对免疫功能产生长期影响。关于缺铁和管腔铁可用性如何影响肠道微生物群的发育或随后对免疫力的影响（这可能是导致感染风险增加的原因），人们知之甚少。仔猪天生缺铁。这主要是由于它们出生时的铁含量较低（主要是由于窝产仔数较多），以及它们的快速生长加上母乳中铁含量较低。因此，仔猪在出生后几天内就会持续缺铁，如果不补充铁，就会迅速发展为贫血。此外，与人类一样，猪是杂食性的，具有人类肠道生理、微生物群和免疫的许多特征。此外，它们的早熟性质允许早期与母体分离、单独居住和严格控制营养摄入。在这里，我们强调仔猪作为人类婴儿有价值且高度相关的模型的优势，有助于促进人们了解早期铁状态如何影响生理发育。我们还指出了仔猪如何具有揭示缺铁期间微生物群免疫反应和补铁反应的复杂性的潜力，以及这些与传染病风险增加之间的联系。
Iron deficiency is the most prevalent human micronutrient deficiency, disrupting the physiological development of millions of infants and children. Oral iron supplementation is used to address iron-deficiency anemia and reduce associated stunting but can promote infection risk since restriction of iron availability serves as an innate immune mechanism against invading pathogens. Raised iron availability is associated with an increase in enteric pathogens, especially Enterobacteriaceae species, accompanied by reductions in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and may skew the pattern of gut microbiota development. Since the gut microbiota is the primary driver of immune development, deviations from normal patterns of bacterial succession in early life can have long-term implications for immune functionality. There is a paucity of knowledge regarding how both iron deficiency and luminal iron availability affect gut microbiota development, or the subsequent impact on immunity, which are likely to be contributors to the increased risk of infection. Piglets are naturally iron deficient. This is largely due to their low iron endowments at birth (primarily due to large litter sizes), and their rapid growth combined with the low iron levels in sow milk. Thus, piglets consistently become iron deficient within days of birth which rapidly progresses to anemia in the absence of iron supplementation. Moreover, like humans, pigs are omnivorous and share many characteristics of human gut physiology, microbiota and immunity. In addition, their precocial nature permits early maternal separation, individual housing, and tight control of nutritional intake. Here, we highlight the advantages of piglets as valuable and highly relevant models for human infants in promoting understanding of how early iron status impacts physiological development. We also indicate how piglets offer potential to unravel the complexities of microbiota-immune responses during iron deficiency and in response to iron supplementation, and the link between these and increased risk of infectious disease.
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DOI：
10.4103/0976-9668.127317
发表时间：
2014-01
期刊：
Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Das I;Saha K;Mukhopadhyay D;Roy S;Raychaudhuri G;Chatterjee M;Mitra PK
通讯作者：
Mitra PK
影响因子：
10.1
作者：
Armitage, Andrew E.;Agbla, Schadrac C.;Kwambana-Adams, Brenda Anna
通讯作者：
Kwambana-Adams, Brenda Anna
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Chang, S.;El Arifeen, S.;Black, R. E.
通讯作者：
Black, R. E.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Alexeev EE;He X;Slupsky CM;Lönnerdal B
通讯作者：
Lönnerdal B
影响因子：
7.1
作者：
Bothwell, TH
通讯作者：
Bothwell, TH