A continental-scale survey of Wolbachia infections in blue butterflies reveals evidence of interspecific transfer and invasion dynamics.
A continental-scale survey of Wolbachia infections in blue butterflies reveals evidence of interspecific transfer and invasion dynamics.
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DOI：
10.1093/g3journal/jkac213
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发表时间：
2022-09-30
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影响因子：
--
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母系遗传的细菌内共生体（尤其是沃尔巴克氏体）的感染在昆虫和其他无脊椎动物中很常见，但跨物种范围的感染动态很大程度上尚未得到研究。具体来说，我们对新宿主中沃尔巴克氏体感染的起源以及感染的历史和地理动态缺乏广泛的了解，而这些对于确定控制其传播的因素至关重要。我们使用先前种群基因组学研究的基因型测序数据对北美灰蝶属蝴蝶中沃尔巴克氏体的存在和遗传多样性进行了广泛的调查。通过组装到沃尔巴克氏体参考基因组中识别的少至一个序列读数，在检测宿主蝴蝶感染方面提供了高精度（通过验证性 PCR 测试确定），并且每个宿主个体仅具有 5 个序列读数的阈值即可实现最大准确度。使用这个阈值，我们在整个非洲大陆的 107 个采样地点中除 2 个之外的所有地点都检测到了沃尔巴克氏体，人群中的感染频率范围为个体的 0% 到 100%，但大多数地点的感染频率很高（平均值 = 91% 感染率）。沃尔巴克氏体的三个主要谱系被鉴定为独立的菌株，这似乎代表了沃尔巴克氏体对灰蝶的 3 次独立入侵。总体而言，我们发现了通过宿主谱系之间的种间转移获得沃尔巴克氏体的大量证据。 wLycC 菌株仅限于单一蝴蝶分类单元、源自该分类单元的混合谱系以及其他分类单元中紧密相邻的种群。虽然在非洲大陆的其他地区也检测到了其他 2 种菌株，但 wLycB 菌株几乎总是与 wLycA 共存。我们的人口统计模型表明 wLycB 是最近才入侵的。在wLycA品系中，2种最常见的单倍型几乎完全局限于单独的蝴蝶类群，其中单倍型A1主要在Lycaeides melissa中观察到，单倍型A2最常见于Lycaeides idas地区，这与从共同祖先获得感染或通过杂交和伴随突变获得的分支形成模式一致。在 15 个地点观察到超过 1 个主要沃尔巴克氏体菌株。这些结果证明了使用宿主的重测序数据来量化沃尔巴克氏体遗传变异和感染频率的效用，并通过蝴蝶谱系之间的杂交和沃尔巴克氏体菌株之间的复杂动态提供新宿主的多重定殖的证据。
Infections by maternally inherited bacterial endosymbionts, especially Wolbachia, are common in insects and other invertebrates but infection dynamics across species ranges are largely under studied. Specifically, we lack a broad understanding of the origin of Wolbachia infections in novel hosts, and the historical and geographical dynamics of infections that are critical for identifying the factors governing their spread. We used Genotype-by-Sequencing data from previous population genomics studies for range-wide surveys of Wolbachia presence and genetic diversity in North American butterflies of the genus Lycaeides. As few as one sequence read identified by assembly to a Wolbachia reference genome provided high accuracy in detecting infections in host butterflies as determined by confirmatory PCR tests, and maximum accuracy was achieved with a threshold of only 5 sequence reads per host individual. Using this threshold, we detected Wolbachia in all but 2 of the 107 sampling localities spanning the continent, with infection frequencies within populations ranging from 0% to 100% of individuals, but with most localities having high infection frequencies (mean = 91% infection rate). Three major lineages of Wolbachia were identified as separate strains that appear to represent 3 separate invasions of Lycaeides butterflies by Wolbachia. Overall, we found extensive evidence for acquisition of Wolbachia through interspecific transfer between host lineages. Strain wLycC was confined to a single butterfly taxon, hybrid lineages derived from it, and closely adjacent populations in other taxa. While the other 2 strains were detected throughout the rest of the continent, strain wLycB almost always co-occurred with wLycA. Our demographic modeling suggests wLycB is a recent invasion. Within strain wLycA, the 2 most frequent haplotypes are confined almost exclusively to separate butterfly taxa with haplotype A1 observed largely in Lycaeides melissa and haplotype A2 observed most often in Lycaeides idas localities, consistent with either cladogenic mode of infection acquisition from a common ancestor or by hybridization and accompanying mutation. More than 1 major Wolbachia strain was observed in 15 localities. These results demonstrate the utility of using resequencing data from hosts to quantify Wolbachia genetic variation and infection frequency and provide evidence of multiple colonizations of novel hosts through hybridization between butterfly lineages and complex dynamics between Wolbachia strains.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Cooper, Brandon S.;Vanderpool, Dan;Turelli, Michael
通讯作者：
Turelli, Michael
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Conner WR;Blaxter ML;Anfora G;Ometto L;Rota-Stabelli O;Turelli M
通讯作者：
Turelli M
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Clement, M;Posada, D;Crandall, KA
通讯作者：
Crandall, KA
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Gompert, Zachariah;Jahner, Joshua P.;Forister, Matthew L.
通讯作者：
Forister, Matthew L.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Gompert, Zachariah;Lucas, Lauren K.;Nice, Chris C.;Fordyce, James A.;Buerkle, C. Alex;Forister, Matthew L.
通讯作者：
Forister, Matthew L.