Crop-noncrop spillover: arable fields affect trophic interactions on wild plants in surrounding habitats.
Crop-noncrop spillover: arable fields affect trophic interactions on wild plants in surrounding habitats.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-010-1870-3
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发表时间：
2011-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Tscharntke, Teja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gladbach, David J.;Holzschuh, Andrea;Scherber, Christoph;Thies, Carsten;Dormann, Carsten F.;Tscharntke, Teja
农业景观中的生态系统过程通常由作物和非作物生境中的资源可用性触发。利用野生芥菜（Sinapis arvensis）、油菜花粉甲虫（Meligethes aeneus）及其寄生蜂（Tersilochus heterocerus）之间的营养相互作用，研究了油菜（Brassica napus，油菜科）在管理系统和半自然生境中对非作物的影响。我们暴露野生芥菜作为phytometer植物在两个农田生境类型（麦田，田间边缘）和三个非作物生境类型（休耕，草地，木材边缘）横跨8个景观沿着梯度从简单到复杂（量化为%耕地）。景观和当地的因素影响油菜花粉甲虫和寄生蜂的丰度。油菜花粉甲虫的侵染率和寄生率在这些植物上较低的非作物栖息地和较高的麦田和田间边缘，而甲虫和寄生虫的景观尺度参数的反应不同。我们发现，假设溢出OSR作物对野生植物在周围的栖息地，只有寄生蜂，但没有花粉甲虫。寄生率与景观简化无关，但受益于OSR比例的增加。相比之下，油菜花粉甲虫受益于简单的景观结构，可能是由于多年的人口积累造成的长期OSR种植（作为作物轮作的一部分）。总之，我们表明，从农田溢出影响相关的野生植物在农田外的寄生率，这还没有显示到目前为止，但可以预期是一个广泛的影响，塑造非作物食物网。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1007/s 00442 -010-1870-3）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Ecosystem processes in agricultural landscapes are often triggered by resource availability in crop and noncrop habitats. We investigated how oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus, Brassicaceae) affects noncrop plants in managed systems and semi-natural habitat, using trophic interactions among wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis, Brassicaceae), rape pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus, Nitidulidae) and their parasitoids (Tersilochus heterocerus, Ichneumonidae). We exposed wild mustard as phytometer plants in two cropland habitat types (wheat field, field margin) and three noncrop habitat types (fallow, grassland, wood margin) across eight landscapes along a gradient from simple to complex (quantified as % arable land). Both landscape and local factors affected the abundance of rape pollen beetles and parasitoids. Rape pollen beetle infestation and parasitism rates on these plants were lower in noncrop habitats and higher in wheat fields and field margins, whereas beetles and parasitoids responded differently to landscape scale parameters. We found the hypothesized spillover from OSR crop onto wild plants in surrounding habitats only for parasitoids, but not for pollen beetles. Parasitism rates were not related to landscape simplification, but benefited from increasing proportions of OSR. In contrast, rape pollen beetles benefited from simple landscape structures, presumably due to multi-annual population build-ups resulting from long-term OSR planting (as part of the crop rotation). In conclusion, we showed that spillover from cropland affects parasitism rates on related wild plants outside cropland, which has not been shown so far, but can be expected to be a widespread effect shaping noncrop food webs. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00442-010-1870-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
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