Circular RNAs: Biogenesis, Function, and a Role as Possible Cancer Biomarkers.
Circular RNAs: Biogenesis, Function, and a Role as Possible Cancer Biomarkers.
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DOI：
10.1155/2017/6218353
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Glavač D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bolha L;Ravnik-Glavač M;Glavač D
环状RNA(CircRNAs)是一类形成共价闭合连续环结构的非编码RNA(NcRNAs)，缺少末端5‘和3’端。CircRNA是在反向剪接过程中产生的，可以来自不同的基因组区域。它们独特的环形结构使CircRNA比线性RNA更稳定。此外，它们对核糖核酸酶活性也不敏感。通常，CircRNAs作为microRNA(MiRNA)海绵发挥作用，并在转录和翻译中发挥调节作用。它们也可以在体内以帽不依赖的方式翻译，以产生特定的蛋白质。在过去的十年中，下一代测序技术，特别是RNA-seq技术，揭示了许多CircRNA在各种疾病中的丰富和失调，表明它们参与了疾病的发生和发展。由于它们的高度稳定性和在组织和细胞外环境(如体液)中相对特异的差异表达模式，它们被认为是很有前途的癌症新生物标记物。因此，我们将重点介绍CircRNA的生物发生、功能和在人类癌症发展中的作用，并探讨CircRNA作为新的癌症诊断和预后生物标志物的潜力。
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that form covalently closed continuous loop structures, lacking the terminal 5′ and 3′ ends. CircRNAs are generated in the process of back-splicing and can originate from different genomic regions. Their unique circular structure makes circRNAs more stable than linear RNAs. In addition, they also display insensitivity to ribonuclease activity. Generally, circRNAs function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and have a regulatory role in transcription and translation. They may be also translated in a cap-independent manner in vivo, to generate specific proteins. In the last decade, next-generation sequencing techniques, especially RNA-seq, have revealed great abundance and also dysregulation of many circRNAs in various diseases, suggesting their involvement in disease development and progression. Regarding their high stability and relatively specific differential expression patterns in tissues and extracellular environment (e.g., body fluids), they are regarded as promising novel biomarkers in cancer. Therefore, we focus this review on describing circRNA biogenesis, function, and involvement in human cancer development and address the potential of circRNAs to be effectively used as novel cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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