Entorhinal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices abstract and generalize the structure of reinforcement learning problems.
Entorhinal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices abstract and generalize the structure of reinforcement learning problems.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.024
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发表时间:
2021-02-17
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Behrens TEJ
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baram AB;Muller TH;Nili H;Garvert MM;Behrens TEJ
Knowledge of the structure of a problem, such as relationships between stimuli, enables rapid learning and flexible inference. Humans and other animals can abstract this structural knowledge and generalize it to solve new problems. For example, in spatial reasoning, shortest-path inferences are immediate in new environments. Spatial structural transfer is mediated by cells in entorhinal and (in humans) medial prefrontal cortices, which maintain their co-activation structure across different environments and behavioral states. Here, using fMRI, we show that entorhinal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) representations perform a much broader role in generalizing the structure of problems. We introduce a task-remapping paradigm, where subjects solve multiple reinforcement learning (RL) problems differing in structural or sensory properties. We show that, as with space, entorhinal representations are preserved across different RL problems only if task structure is preserved. In vmPFC and ventral striatum, representations of prediction error also depend on task structure. Entorhinal cortex represents the task structure (rules) of an RL task As in physical space, this representation is divorced from sensory signals Spatial patterns of prediction error signals depended on task structure Such relational representations of task structure might underlie generalisation How do we generalize knowledge between problems that are only loosely related but have a similar structure? Baram et al. take inspiration from the generalization properties of entorhinal cortex in rodent spatial tasks to show that entorhinal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices generalize the structure of reinforcement learning tasks in humans.
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