Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers--systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research.
Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers--systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x
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发表时间：
2013-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kohrt BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Betancourt TS;Borisova I;Williams TP;Meyers-Ohki SE;Rubin-Smith JE;Annan J;Kohrt BA
本文回顾了现有的定量研究的心理社会适应和心理健康的儿童（年龄<18岁）与武装部队和武装团体（CAAFAG），通常被称为儿童兵。2012年2月，使用PRISMA系统评价标准检索PubMed、PsycInfo、JSTOR和Sociological Abstracts，以查找所有关于前儿童兵和CAAFAG的文章。分析了来自10个国家的21项定量研究的作者、出版年份、期刊、目标、设计、选择人群、环境、工具、患病率估计以及与战争经历的关系。评论文章、社论和定性研究被认为超出了本研究的范围。根据观察性研究质量系统评估（SAQOR）对证据质量进行评级。根据SAQOR标准，在现有的已发表研究中，8项研究为高质量，4项为中等质量，其余9项为低质量。常见的局限性是缺乏有效的心理健康措施，方法不明确，包括未定义的抽样方法，以及未能报告缺失的数据。只有五项研究包括未参加武装部队/武装团体的青年对照组，只有五项研究在一个以上的时间点评估心理健康。在所有研究中，一些风险和保护因素与CAAFAG的冲突后心理社会调整和重返社会有关。绑架，征兵年龄，暴露于暴力，性别和社区耻辱与增加内化和外化的心理健康问题。家庭接受，社会支持，教育/经济机会与改善心理社会调整。关于前儿童兵重返社会和心理社会调整的研究刚刚开始。现有文献中的一些空白值得进一步研究。加强前儿童兵和其他受战争影响的青年心理社会调整的证据基础的建议包括更多的研究，包括纵向研究设计和经验证的跨文化工具，用于评估心理健康，以及更综合的基于社区的研究设计和研究监测方法。
This article reviews the available quantitative research on psychosocial adjustment and mental health among children (age <18 years) associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) – commonly referred to as child soldiers. PRISMA standards for systematic reviews were used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, JSTOR, and Sociological Abstracts in February 2012 for all articles on former child soldiers and CAAFAG. Twenty-one quantitative studies from 10 countries were analyzed for author, year of publication, journal, objectives, design, selection population, setting, instruments, prevalence estimates, and associations with war experiences. Opinion pieces, editorials, and qualitative studies were deemed beyond the scope of this study. Quality of evidence was rated according to the Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR). According to SAQOR criteria, among the available published studies, eight studies were of high quality, four were of moderate quality, and the remaining nine were of low quality. Common limitations were lack of validated mental health measures, unclear methodology including undefined sampling approaches, and failure to report missing data. Only five studies included a comparison group of youth not involved with armed forces/armed groups, and only five studies assessed mental health at more than one point in time. Across studies, a number of risk and protective factors were associated with postconflict psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration in CAAFAG. Abduction, age of conscription, exposure to violence, gender, and community stigma were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Family acceptance, social support, and educational/economic opportunities were associated with improved psychosocial adjustment. Research on the social reintegration and psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers is nascent. A number of gaps in the available literature warrant future study. Recommendations to bolster the evidence base on psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers and other war-affected youth include more studies comprising longitudinal study designs, and validated cross-cultural instruments for assessing mental health, as well as more integrated community-based approaches to study design and research monitoring.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.008
发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
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发表时间：
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