Establishment of axon-dendrite polarity in developing neurons.

Establishment of axon-dendrite polarity in developing neurons.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125536
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
13.9
通讯作者:
Polleux F
Polleux F
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Barnes AP;Polleux F

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神经元是身体中最高度极化的细胞类型之一,轴突和树突的极化是神经元在大脑中整合和传递信息的能力的基础。主要使用体外方法,如啮齿动物海马和皮层神经元的分离培养,在确定神经元极性建立的细胞和分子机制方面取得了重大进展。该模型导致了一种主流观点,即神经元极化主要是由细胞内信号通路的随机、不对称激活来指定的。最近的证据表明,细胞外的线索可以发挥指导作用,在体外和体内的神经元极化。在这篇综述中,我们综合最近的数据支持一个综合模型,细胞外的线索编排的细胞内信号的基础上的最初打破神经元的对称性,导致轴突树突极化。
Neurons are among the most highly polarized cell type in the body and the polarization of axon and dendrites underlies the ability of neurons to integrate and transmit information in the brain. Significant progress has been made in the identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of neuronal polarity using primarily in vitro approaches such as dissociated culture of rodent hippocampal and cortical neurons. This model has led to the predominant view suggesting that neuronal polarization is largely specified by stochastic, asymmetric activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Recent evidence shows that extracellular cues can play an instructive role during neuronal polarization in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we synthesize the recent data supporting an integrative model whereby extracellular cues orchestrate the intracellular signaling underlying the initial break of neuronal symmetry leading to axon-dendrite polarization.
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