Largest-known fossil penguin provides insight into the early evolution of sphenisciform body size and flipper anatomy
Largest-known fossil penguin provides insight into the early evolution of sphenisciform body size and flipper anatomy
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已知最大的企鹅化石让我们深入了解蝶形身体尺寸和鳍状肢解剖结构的早期演化
DOI：
10.1017/jpa.2022.88
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Tennyson, Alan J.D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ksepka, Daniel T.;Field, Daniel J.;Heath, Tracy A.;Pett, Walker;Thomas, Daniel B.;Giovanardi, Simone;Tennyson, Alan J.D.
最近在新西兰发现的化石显示了古新世基干企鹅群的多样性。在这里，我们添加到这个不断增长的记录，描述9个新的企鹅标本从晚古新世（上Teurian本地阶段; 55.5-59.5马）Moeraki组的南岛，新西兰。最大的标本被分配给一个新种，Kumimanu fordycei n。例如，这可能是有史以来最大的企鹅根据现存企鹅的肱骨长度和肱骨近端宽度进行异速生长回归，分别得出Kumimanu fordycei的平均活体质量估计值为148.0 kg（95%CI：132.5 kg-165.3 kg）和159.7 kg（95%CI：142.6 kg-178.8 kg）。第二个新种是Petradyptes stonehousei n.一般的;一般的例如，有五个标本，比现存的帝企鹅Aptenodytes forsteri稍大。两个小肱骨代表另一个较小的未命名企鹅物种。简约和贝叶斯系统发育分析恢复Kumimanu和Petradyptes crownward的早期古新世大陆新西兰分类群Waimanu和Muriwaimanu，但stemward的查塔姆岛分类群Kupoupou。这些分析不同，但是，在放置这两个类群相对于Sequiwaimanu，Crossvallia和Kaiika。Kumimanu fordycei的巨大尺寸和位置接近企鹅树的根部，这为企鹅在进化史上很早就达到蝶形体型上限的情况提供了额外的支持，同时仍然保留了许多鳍状肢的近形特征。 UUID：https://zoobank.org/15b1d5b2-a5a0-4aa5-ba0a-8ef3b8461730
Recent fossil discoveries from New Zealand have revealed a remarkably diverse assemblage of Paleocene stem group penguins. Here, we add to this growing record by describing nine new penguin specimens from the late Paleocene (upper Teurian local stage; 55.5–59.5 Ma) Moeraki Formation of the South Island, New Zealand. The largest specimen is assigned to a new species, Kumimanu fordycei n. sp., which may have been the largest penguin ever to have lived. Allometric regressions based on humerus length and humerus proximal width of extant penguins yield mean estimates of a live body mass in the range of 148.0 kg (95% CI: 132.5 kg–165.3 kg) and 159.7 kg (95% CI: 142.6 kg–178.8 kg), respectively, for Kumimanu fordycei. A second new species, Petradyptes stonehousei n. gen. n. sp., is represented by five specimens and was slightly larger than the extant emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri. Two small humeri represent an additional smaller unnamed penguin species. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses recover Kumimanu and Petradyptes crownward of the early Paleocene mainland NZ taxa Waimanu and Muriwaimanu, but stemward of the Chatham Island taxon Kupoupou. These analyses differ, however, in the placement of these two taxa relative to Sequiwaimanu, Crossvallia, and Kaiika. The massive size and placement of Kumimanu fordycei close to the root of the penguin tree provide additional support for a scenario in which penguins reached the upper limit of sphenisciform body size very early in their evolutionary history, while still retaining numerous plesiomorphic features of the flipper. UUID: https://zoobank.org/15b1d5b2-a5a0-4aa5-ba0a-8ef3b8461730
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Field DJ;Lynner C;Brown C;Darroch SA
通讯作者：
Darroch SA
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Chávez Hoffmeister M;Carrillo Briceño JD;Nielsen SN
通讯作者：
Nielsen SN
18 – 企鹅的历史和来自新西兰的新化石材料
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
R. Fordyce;Craig M. Jones
通讯作者：
Craig M. Jones
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Degrange, Federico J.;Ksepka, Daniel T.;Tambussi, Claudia P.
通讯作者：
Tambussi, Claudia P.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Ksepka, Daniel T.;Fordyce, R. Ewan;Jones, Craig M.
通讯作者：
Jones, Craig M.