Orientation-Selective Retinal Circuits in Vertebrates.

Orientation-Selective Retinal Circuits in Vertebrates.
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DOI:
10.3389/fncir.2018.00011
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Hindges R
Hindges R
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Antinucci P;Hindges R

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视觉信息在传递到大脑中更高的视觉中心之前已经在视网膜中进行了处理。这包括通过属于不同神经回路的神经元从视觉场景中提取显著特征,例如运动方向性或对比度。一些视网膜神经元被调整到拉长的视觉刺激的方向。这种“方向选择性”神经元存在于大多数(如果不是全部的话)脊椎动物物种的视网膜中,到目前为止,在频率和调谐程度上存在物种特异性差异。在某些情况下,方向选择性神经元具有非常定型的功能和形态特征,表明它们代表不同的细胞类型。在这篇综述中,我们描述了在各种脊椎动物物种中发现的视网膜细胞类型的方向选择性,并强调其共性和差异。此外,我们讨论了最近的研究揭示的细胞,突触和电路机制的基础上,视网膜的方向选择性。最后,我们概述了这些发现的意义,在塑造我们目前的理解,这一基本的神经计算是如何实现的视觉系统的脊椎动物。
Visual information is already processed in the retina before it is transmitted to higher visual centers in the brain. This includes the extraction of salient features from visual scenes, such as motion directionality or contrast, through neurons belonging to distinct neural circuits. Some retinal neurons are tuned to the orientation of elongated visual stimuli. Such ‘orientation-selective’ neurons are present in the retinae of most, if not all, vertebrate species analyzed to date, with species-specific differences in frequency and degree of tuning. In some cases, orientation-selective neurons have very stereotyped functional and morphological properties suggesting that they represent distinct cell types. In this review, we describe the retinal cell types underlying orientation selectivity found in various vertebrate species, and highlight their commonalities and differences. In addition, we discuss recent studies that revealed the cellular, synaptic and circuit mechanisms at the basis of retinal orientation selectivity. Finally, we outline the significance of these findings in shaping our current understanding of how this fundamental neural computation is implemented in the visual systems of vertebrates.
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