3D mesenchymal cell migration is driven by anterior cellular contraction that generates an extracellular matrix prestrain.

3D mesenchymal cell migration is driven by anterior cellular contraction that generates an extracellular matrix prestrain.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.017
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发表时间:
2021-03-22
期刊:
影响因子:
11.8
通讯作者:
Yamada KM
Yamada KM
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Doyle AD;Sykora DJ;Pacheco GG;Kutys ML;Yamada KM

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We describe a cellular contractile mechanism employed by fibroblasts and mesenchymal cancer cells to migrate in 3D collagen gels. During 3D spreading, fibroblasts strongly deform the matrix. They protrude, polarize, and initiate migration in the direction of highest extracellular matrix (ECM) deformation (prestrain). This prestrain is maintained through anterior cellular contractions behind the leading edge prior to protrusion, coordinating a distinct 3D migration cycle that varies between cell types. Myosin IIA is required for strain polarization, generating anterior contractions, and maintaining prestrain for efficient directional cell migration. Local matrix severing disrupts the matrix prestrain, suppressing directional protrusion. We show that epithelial cancer and endothelial cells rarely demonstrate the sustained prestrain or anterior contractions. We propose that mesenchymal cells sense ECM stiffness in 3D and generate their own matrix prestrain. This requires myosin IIA to generate polarized periodic anterior contractions for maintaining a 3D migration cycle. Doyle et al. show that, in 3D environments, highly migratory mesenchymal cells use anterior contractions, localized between the leading edge and nucleus, to generate a large extracellular matrix deformation (prestrain) and enhance protrusion. Myosin II contractility and extensive integrin ligation mediate this migration phenotype.
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