Neuroanatomical differences in visual, motor, and language cortices between congenitally deaf signers, hearing signers, and hearing non-signers.
Neuroanatomical differences in visual, motor, and language cortices between congenitally deaf signers, hearing signers, and hearing non-signers.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnana.2013.00026
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Damasio H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen JS;Emmorey K;Bruss J;Damasio H
我们研究了出生时手语使用和听觉剥夺对人类大脑皮层三个区域体积的影响：枕叶calcarine沟周围的视觉皮层；额下回（三角部和包部）的语言相关皮层；以及中央前回的手部运动区。该研究包括25名先天失聪的参与者和41名听力正常的参与者（其中16名是母语手语使用者）；他们都是右撇子。聋人参与者比正常人表现出更大的calcarine体积，我们将其解释为可能是感觉神经网络内的跨模态补偿和/或动态相互作用的结果。与听力正常的手语者和非手语者相比，聋人参与者的双侧三角部体积也有所增加，我们认为这与聋人在语音处理和/或文本阅读方面的语言需求增加有关。最后，尽管两组的运动手区域没有统计学上的显著差异，但失聪组是向左不对称的，听力的手语者基本上是对称的，而听力的非手语者是向右不对称的——我们将这些结果解释为终身手语导致的活动依赖性改变的可能结果。我们在成年聋人母语手语者的大脑中观察到的视觉、运动和语言相关区域的差异，为在发育过程中对不同环境的认知适应的可塑性提供了证据。
We investigated effects of sign language use and auditory deprivation from birth on the volumes of three cortical regions of the human brain: the visual cortex surrounding the calcarine sulcus in the occipital lobe; the language-related cortex in the inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis and pars opercularis); and the motor hand region in the precentral gyrus. The study included 25 congenitally deaf participants and 41 hearing participants (of which 16 were native sign language users); all were right-handed. Deaf participants exhibited a larger calcarine volume than hearing participants, which we interpret as the likely result of cross-modal compensation and/or dynamic interactions within sensory neural networks. Deaf participants also had increased volumes of the pars triangularis bilaterally compared to hearing signers and non-signers, which we interpret is related to the increased linguistic demands of speech processing and/or text reading for deaf individuals. Finally, although no statistically significant differences were found in the motor hand region for any of the groups, the deaf group was leftward asymmetric, the hearing signers essentially symmetric and the hearing non-signers were rightward asymmetric – results we interpret as the possible result of activity-dependent change due to life-long signing. The brain differences we observed in visual, motor, and language-related areas in adult deaf native signers provide evidence for the plasticity available for cognitive adaptation to varied environments during development.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Corballis, PM
通讯作者：
Corballis, PM
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作者：
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