Effects of adolescent nicotine exposure and withdrawal on intravenous cocaine self-administration during adulthood in male C57BL/6J mice.
Effects of adolescent nicotine exposure and withdrawal on intravenous cocaine self-administration during adulthood in male C57BL/6J mice.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00496.x
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发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Mittleman G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickson PE;Miller MM;Rogers TD;Blaha CD;Mittleman G
对青少年吸毒的研究表明：（1）烟草使用先于其他毒品使用的模式;（2）青少年吸烟与后来吸毒之间存在正相关关系。这些观察结果导致了一种假设，即早期接触尼古丁和后来使用可卡因等硬性毒品之间存在因果关系。使用雄性C57 BL/6 J小鼠，我们测试了青春期尼古丁暴露导致成年期可卡因静脉自我给药（IVSA）增加的假设。使用微型渗透泵，我们在整个青春期[出生后（P）28-56天]将小鼠及其同窝对照分别暴露于尼古丁（24 mg/kg/天）或溶剂。尼古丁暴露在P56终止，小鼠在实验期间不再暴露于尼古丁。在P73，允许小鼠获得可卡因IVSA（1.0 mg/kg/输注）并生成剂量-反应曲线（0.18、0.32、0.56、1.0、1.8 mg/kg/输注）。还评估了消光条件下的杠杆按压。所有的老鼠都很快学会了在可卡因注射和非药物刺激的组合下进行杠杆按压。对剂量-反应曲线的分析显示，除了最高剂量外，青少年尼古丁暴露小鼠自我施用的可卡因显著多于对照组（P < 0.05）。青少年尼古丁暴露和对照组小鼠之间没有显着差异，在收购或灭绝阶段。这些结果表明，青少年尼古丁暴露可以增加小鼠中的可卡因IVSA，这表明青少年烟草使用和后来人类可卡因使用之间存在因果关系的可能性。
Studies of adolescent drug use show (1) a pattern in which the use of tobacco precedes the use of other drugs and (2) a positive relationship between adolescent tobacco use and later drug use. These observations have led to the hypothesis that a causal relationship exists between early exposure to nicotine and the later use of hard drugs such as cocaine. Using male C57BL/6J mice, we tested the hypothesis that nicotine exposure in adolescence leads to increased intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of cocaine in adulthood. Using miniature osmotic pumps, we exposed mice and their littermate controls to nicotine (24 mg/kg/day) or vehicle, respectively, over the entire course of adolescence [postnatal days (P) 28–56]. Nicotine exposure was terminated on P56 and mice were not exposed to nicotine again during the experiment. On P73, mice were allowed to acquire cocaine IVSA (1.0 mg/kg/infusion) and a dose–response curve was generated (0.18, 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 mg/kg/infusion). Lever pressing during extinction conditions was also evaluated. All mice rapidly learned to lever press for the combination of cocaine infusions and non-drug stimuli. Analysis of the dose–response curve revealed that adolescent nicotine-exposed mice self-administered significantly more (P < 0.05) cocaine than controls at all but the highest dose. No significant differences were observed between adolescent nicotine-exposed and control mice during the acquisition or extinction stages. These results indicate that adolescent nicotine exposure can increase cocaine IVSA in mice, which suggests the possibility of a causal link between adolescent tobacco use and later cocaine use in humans.
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影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Fowler CD;Arends MA;Kenny PJ
通讯作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Carroll, Marilyn E.
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作者：
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早期压力作为酒精和药物依赖性的预测因素。
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Enoch, Mary-Anne
通讯作者：
Enoch, Mary-Anne