State of the Knowledge of VA Military Sexual Trauma Research.
State of the Knowledge of VA Military Sexual Trauma Research.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11606-022-07580-8
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Yano, Elizabeth M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galovski, Tara E.;Street, Amy E.;Creech, Suzannah;Lehavot, Keren;Kelly, Ursula A.;Yano, Elizabeth M.
尽管在打击军队中的性侵犯和性骚扰方面做出了大量努力，但这两种行为在军队中仍然存在。2021年2月，拜登总统指示美国国防部成立一个为期90天的军队性侵犯独立审查委员会（IRC），以评估国防部的努力并提出可行的建议。随着军人从军队退伍，军人性创伤（MST）的影响经常出现在退伍军人健康管理局（VA）。为了响应IRC关于VA MST研究的询问，我们组织了一份关于MST的患病率、不良后果和循证治疗的综述。女性明显比男性更容易经历MST。其他社会和制度权力较低的群体（例如，较低的等级）也面临更高的风险。虽然并非所有的MST幸存者都会经历长期的不良后果，但对许多人来说，这些不良后果可能是严重的、慢性的、持久的，并跨越精神和身体健康的后果，以及功能上的累积损害。MST的不良后果与其他环境中的性创伤有共同之处（例如，人际背叛，受害者责备），以及军事环境的独特方面，人际背叛的经历可能与制度背叛的感知（例如，害怕报复或排斥，不得不与犯罪者一起工作/生活）相结合。MST最常见的心理健康影响是创伤后应激障碍，这种情况很少单独发生，可能与严重抑郁、焦虑、饮食失调、物质使用障碍和自杀倾向增加同时发生。对身体健康的影响包括慢性病负担加重（如高血压），生殖健康和性功能受损。治疗方面的进展包括循证心理疗法和依靠身心干预和同伴支持的新方法。尽管如此，在加强检测、获取、护理和支持方面仍有许多工作要做，否则即使是最好的干预措施也不会有效。
Despite substantial efforts to counter sexual assault and harassment in the military, both remain persistent in the Armed Services. In February 2021, President Biden directed the U.S. Department of Defense to establish a 90-day Independent Review Commission on Sexual Assault in the Military (IRC) to assess the department’s efforts and make actionable recommendations. As servicemembers discharge from the military, effects of military sexual trauma (MST) are often seen in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). In response to an IRC inquiry about VA MST research, we organized an overview on prevalence, adverse consequences, and evidence-based treatments targeting the sequelae of MST. Women are significantly more likely to experience MST than their male counterparts. Other groups with low societal and institutional power (e.g., lower rank) are also at increased risk. Although not all MST survivors experience long-term adverse consequences, for many, they can be significant, chronic, and enduring and span mental and physical health outcomes, as well as cumulative impairments in functioning. Adverse consequences of MST come with commonalities shared with sexual trauma in other settings (e.g., interpersonal betrayal, victim-blaming) as well as unique aspects of the military context, where experiences of interpersonal betrayal may be compounded by perceptions of institutional betrayal (e.g., fear of reprisal or ostracism, having to work/live alongside a perpetrator). MST’s most common mental health impact is posttraumatic stress disorder, which rarely occurs in isolation, and may coincide with major depression, anxiety, eating disorders, substance use disorders, and increased suicidality. Physical health impacts include greater chronic disease burden (e.g., hypertension), and impaired reproductive health and sexual functioning. Advances in treatment include evidence-based psychotherapies and novel approaches relying on mind-body interventions and peer support. Nonetheless, much work is needed to enhance detection, access, care, and support or even the best interventions will not be effective.
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影响因子：
37.8
作者：
Han, Janet K.;Yano, Elizabeth M.;Ebrahimi, Ramin
通讯作者：
Ebrahimi, Ramin
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Blais, Rebecca K.;Brignone, Emily;Gundlapalli, Adi V.
通讯作者：
Gundlapalli, Adi V.
DOI：
10.1177/1745691615570616
发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cacioppo S;Grippo AJ;London S;Goossens L;Cacioppo JT
通讯作者：
Cacioppo JT
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Blais, Rebecca K.;Brignone, Emily;Andresen, Felicia J.
通讯作者：
Andresen, Felicia J.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Calhoun, Patrick S.;Schry, Amie R.;Straits-Troster, Kristy
通讯作者：
Straits-Troster, Kristy