Defensive Pessimism and Optimism: The Bitter-Sweet Influence of Mood on Performance and Prefactual and Counterfactual Thinking
Defensive Pessimism and Optimism: The Bitter-Sweet Influence of Mood on Performance and Prefactual and Counterfactual Thinking
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防御性悲观主义和乐观主义：情绪对绩效的苦乐参半的影响以及前事实和反事实思维
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Sanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Sanna
三项研究表明，操纵情绪会影响防御性悲观主义者和乐观主义者的前事实（替代的结果前预测）和反事实（替代的结果后“可能会发生什么”）心理模拟。在研究 1 中，消极情绪会引发更多的向上（比预期更好）的前事实，而防御性悲观主义者在这种情况下表现最好；乐观主义者在诱发积极情绪的情况下表现最好，此后他们很少进行事前思考。在研究 2 和 3 中，操纵情绪再次影响了防御性悲观主义者和乐观主义者的策略。在研究 2 中，乐观主义者的反应更加消极（比现实更糟糕），这表明他们尝试进行情绪修复。在研究 3 中，防御性悲观主义者和乐观主义者都通过使用首选的心理模拟策略来有效应对。两组人在第二项任务中都从第一项任务中表现不佳的情况中反弹。
Three studies demonstrated that manipulated moods influence the prefactual (alternative preoutcome predictions) and counterfactual (alternative postoutcome “what might have beens”) mental simulations of defensive pessimists and optimists. In Study 1, negative moods induced more upward (better than expected) prefactuals, and defensive pessimists performed best under such conditions; optimists performed best under induced positive moods, after which they used little prefactual thinking. In Studies 2 and 3, manipulated moods again influenced the strategies of defensive pessimists and optimists. In Study 2, optimists responded with more downward (worse than actuality) counterfactuals, suggesting attempts at mood repair. In Study 3, defensive pessimists and optimists each coped effectively by using preferred mental simulation strategies; both groups rebounded on a second task from poor performances on a first task.
考虑即将发生的事件的积极或消极可能性的动机和情感后果。
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Showers,C
通讯作者：
Showers,C
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
NOLENHOEKSEMA, S
通讯作者：
NOLENHOEKSEMA, S