Conceptualizing Human Stewardship in the Anthropocene: The Rights of Nature in Ecuador, New Zealand and India

Conceptualizing Human Stewardship in the Anthropocene: The Rights of Nature in Ecuador, New Zealand and India
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人类世人类管理的概念:厄瓜多尔、新西兰和印度的自然权利

DOI:
10.1007/s10806-018-9731-x
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Stefan
Stefan
中科院分区:
人文科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Knauß;Stefan

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在这篇文章中,我调查了越来越多地使用自然的权利来处理地球管理的任务。2008年厄瓜多尔宪法引入了土著人的Pachamama概念,并将自然解释为权利的主体。通过对2017年旺格努伊河(新西兰)和甘戈特里和亚穆诺特里冰川(印度)两个案例的反思,我的主要论点是,尽管个人权利的语言依赖于现代主体性以及世俗民族国家的宪政主义,但它显然被视为一种跨文化工具,以证明人类世时代人类对地球的管理。我认为,新的自然权利辩论“提供”了一个简单的理由,地球的管理,它包括两个时刻,旨在超越欧洲现代性。权利方法证明,对自然的义务超越了人类利益,它呼吁将土著知识作为另一个论证领域。这与人类世的关系是双重的:土著的世界观现在可以被翻译成自然的权利,因为人类世的两个核心项目越来越多地被接受:地球作为一个系统的想法和历史作为一个非线性过程。人类世对地球系统的科学描述支持对自然权利的整体叙述,并促进对非西方世界观的认可。与此同时,自然权利有助于澄清人类世中隐含的规范性主张,因为自然项目和过程的完整性被视为人类对地球负责任管理的明确理由。
In this text I investigate the increasing usage of the Rights of Nature to approach the task of Stewardship for the Earth. The Ecuadorian constitution of 2008 introduces the indigenous concept ofPachamamaand interpretes nature as a subject of rights. Reflecting the two 2017 cases of theWhanganui River(New Zealand) and theGangotri and Yamunotri Glaciers(India), my main argument is that, although the language of individual rights relies on modern subjectivity as well as the constitutionalism of the secular nation state, it is obviously seen as a trans-cultural tool to justify Human Stewardship over the Earth in the Age of Anthropocene. I argue that the new Rights of Nature debate “provides” a straightforward justification of the Stewardship for the Earth and it includes two moments aimed to transcend European Modernity. The Rights Approach justifies obligations towards nature beyond human interests and it appeals to indigenous knowledge as an alternative sphere of argumentation. The relation of this endevor to the Anthropocene is twofold: The indigenous worldviews can now be translated into Rights of Nature because of the two core items of the Anthropocene that are gaining more and more acceptance: the idea of the Earth as a system and of history as a non-linear process. The scientific description of the Earth system offered by the Anthropocene supports holistic narratives of the Rights of Nature and facilitates the recognition of non-Western worldviews. At the same time the Rights of Nature help to clarify the normative claims implicit in the Anthropocene because the integrity of natural items and processes is presented as the explicit reason for a responsible human stewardship towards the Earth.
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