Fire legacies in eastern ponderosa pine forests

Fire legacies in eastern ponderosa pine forests
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东部黄松林的火灾遗产

DOI:
10.1002/ece3.4879
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Twidwell, Dirac
Twidwell, Dirac
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Roberts, Caleb P.;Donovan, Victoria M.;Wonkka, Carissa L.;Powell, Larkin A.;Allen, Craig R.;Angeler, David G.;Wedin, David A.;Twidwell, Dirac

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干扰遗产构成了群落和生态记忆,但由于干扰模式的变化不断增加,描述干扰遗产的特征或确定它们持续的时间变得越来越困难。我们试图量化北美东部黄松林火灾严重程度变化所产生的物质遗产(例如,干扰的生物残留物)的特征和持久性。我们比较了一场持续了 27 年的混合严重程度野火中未燃烧、低度、中度和高度严重烧伤斑块的林分结构、林下木本植物和鸟类群落组成以及物种丰富度,该野火接受了最低限度的火后管理。我们确定了不同的树木密度(高:每公顷 14.3 ± 7.4 棵树,中等:22.3 ± 12.6,低:135.3 ± 57.1,未燃烧:907.9 ± 246.2)和粗木本碎片覆盖率(高:每 30 m 横断面 8.5 ± 1.6% 覆盖率,中等: 4.3 ± 0.7,低:2.3 ± 0.6,未燃烧:1.0 ± 0.4)在烧伤严重程度中。林下木本植物群落在高严重性斑块、中度和低严重性斑块以及未燃烧斑块之间存在差异(allp < 0.05)。高度和中度严重斑块、低度严重斑块和未燃烧斑块之间的鸟类群落存在差异(allp < 0.05)。鸟类物种丰富度因烧伤严重程度而异:低严重程度的斑块最高(5.29 ± 1.44),高严重程度的斑块最低(2.87 ± 0.72)。林下木本植物丰富度在未燃烧(5.93±1.10)和高严重性(5.07±1.17)斑块中最高,在中(3.43±1.17)和低严重性(3.43±1.06)斑块中较低。我们发现,在东部黄松林发生混合严重程度的野火数十年后,物质火灾遗产仍然存在,在烧毁和未烧毁的地区以及不同火灾严重程度的地区培育出不同的结构、群落和物种。在斑块尺度上,东部和西部黄松系统对混合严重程度火灾的反应是一致的。
Disturbance legacies structure communities and ecological memory, but due to increasing changes in disturbance regimes, it is becoming more difficult to characterize disturbance legacies or determine how long they persist. We sought to quantify the characteristics and persistence of material legacies (e.g., biotic residuals of disturbance) that arise from variation in fire severity in an eastern ponderosa pine forest in North America. We compared forest stand structure and understory woody plant and bird community composition and species richness across unburned, low‐, moderate‐, and high‐severity burn patches in a 27‐year‐old mixed‐severity wildfire that had received minimal post‐fire management. We identified distinct tree densities (high: 14.3 ± 7.4 trees per ha, moderate: 22.3 ± 12.6, low: 135.3 ± 57.1, unburned: 907.9 ± 246.2) and coarse woody debris cover (high: 8.5 ± 1.6% cover per 30 m transect, moderate: 4.3 ± 0.7, low: 2.3 ± 0.6, unburned: 1.0 ± 0.4) among burn severities. Understory woody plant communities differed between high‐severity patches, moderate‐ and low‐severity patches, and unburned patches (allp< 0.05). Bird communities differed between high‐ and moderate‐severity patches, low‐severity patches, and unburned patches (allp< 0.05). Bird species richness varied across burn severities: low‐severity patches had the highest (5.29 ± 1.44) and high‐severity patches had the lowest (2.87 ± 0.72). Understory woody plant richness was highest in unburned (5.93 ± 1.10) and high‐severity (5.07 ± 1.17) patches, and it was lower in moderate‐ (3.43 ± 1.17) and low‐severity (3.43 ± 1.06) patches. We show material fire legacies persisted decades after the mixed‐severity wildfire in eastern ponderosa forest, fostering distinct structures, communities, and species in burned versus unburned patches and across fire severities. At a patch scale, eastern and western ponderosa system responses to mixed‐severity fires were consistent.
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