Changes in climate drive recent monarch butterfly dynamics

Changes in climate drive recent monarch butterfly dynamics
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气候变化驱动近期帝王蝶动态

DOI:
10.1038/s41559-021-01504-1
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
Zipkin, Elise F.
Zipkin, Elise F.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zylstra, Erin R.;Ries, Leslie;Neupane, Naresh;Saunders, Sarah P.;Ramírez, M. Isabel;Rendón-Salinas, Eduardo;Oberhauser, Karen S.;Farr, Matthew T.;Zipkin, Elise F.

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昆虫数量和多样性的减少对全球陆地生态系统构成了重大威胁。然而,确定这些下降的原因已经被证明是困难的,即使是对帝王蝶这样的经过充分研究的物种,其北美东部的人口在过去三十年中显着减少。已经提出了三个假设来解释观察到的变化,在东部君主人口:损失的马利筋宿主植物增加除草剂的使用,死亡率在秋季迁移和/或初冬定居和繁殖季节的气候变化。在这里,我们使用分层建模方法,结合来自超过18,000项系统调查的数据,以评估25年期间对这些假设的支持。在2004年至2018年期间,繁殖季节天气在解释夏季种群规模变化方面的重要性是其他因素的近7倍,这与随后越冬种群的规模呈正相关。虽然数据的局限性,防止明确的评估1994年至2003年之间的人口规模的因素(与除草剂使用的广泛增加相吻合的最陡峭的君主下降的时期),繁殖季节的天气同样被确定为君主人口规模的重要驱动因素。如果观察到的春季和夏季气候的变化继续下去,目前的繁殖范围的一部分可能会变得不适合帝王蝶。我们的研究结果强调了气候变化对昆虫减少的日益重要的贡献。
Declines in the abundance and diversity of insects pose a substantial threat to terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Yet, identifying the causes of these declines has proved difficult, even for well-studied species like monarch butterflies, whose eastern North American population has decreased markedly over the last three decades. Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain the changes observed in the eastern monarch population: loss of milkweed host plants from increased herbicide use, mortality during autumn migration and/or early-winter resettlement and changes in breeding-season climate. Here, we use a hierarchical modelling approach, combining data from >18,000 systematic surveys to evaluate support for each of these hypotheses over a 25-yr period. Between 2004 and 2018, breeding-season weather was nearly seven times more important than other factors in explaining variation in summer population size, which was positively associated with the size of the subsequent overwintering population. Although data limitations prevent definitive evaluation of the factors governing population size between 1994 and 2003 (the period of the steepest monarch decline coinciding with a widespread increase in herbicide use), breeding-season weather was similarly identified as an important driver of monarch population size. If observed changes in spring and summer climate continue, portions of the current breeding range may become inhospitable for monarchs. Our results highlight the increasingly important contribution of a changing climate to insect declines.
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