Driving oscillatory activity in the human cortex enhances motor performance.
Driving oscillatory activity in the human cortex enhances motor performance.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.024
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发表时间：
2012-03-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Brown, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joundi, Raed A.;Jenkinson, Ned;Brittain, John-Stuart;Aziz, Tipu Z.;Brown, Peter
随意运动伴随着大脑中神经元在离散频率范围内同步其活动的程度的变化。在人类皮质运动区域中，两种与运动相关的振荡活动模式很突出。 β 频率 (15–30 Hz) 频段的活动在强直收缩期间很突出，但在随意运动之前和期间减弱。如果没有这种衰减，运动可能会减慢，从而导致β活动促进姿势性和强直性收缩，这可能会以新运动的产生为代价。相比之下，伽马 (60–90 Hz) 频段的活动在运动过程中增加。变化的方向表明伽马活动可能促进运动处理。与此相对应，额叶伽玛活动的增加与反应时间的减少有关。然而，这些功能相关性仍然有可能反映的是附带现象而非因果关系。在这里，我们提供了强有力的证据，表明皮质水平的振荡活动在机械上参与决定运动行为，甚至可以提高表现。通过使用无创电刺激驱动皮质振荡，我们展示了 β 和 γ 频率的相反效应以及与运动任务的相互作用，揭示了运动行为中振荡的潜在定量重要性。 ► 20 和 70 Hz 的皮质驱动会减慢和加速自主力的产生 ► 即使在尽可能快的收缩期间，性能也能得到增强 ► 皮质驱动的影响程度取决于提示运动任务的性质
Voluntary movement is accompanied by changes in the degree to which neurons in the brain synchronize their activity within discrete frequency ranges. Two patterns of movement-related oscillatory activity stand out in human cortical motor areas. Activity in the beta frequency (15–30 Hz) band is prominent during tonic contractions but is attenuated prior to and during voluntary movement. Without such attenuation, movement may be slowed, leading to the suggestion that beta activity promotes postural and tonic contraction, possibly at a cost to the generation of new movements. In contrast, activity in the gamma (60–90 Hz) band increases during movement. The direction of change suggests that gamma activity might facilitate motor processing. In correspondence with this, increased frontal gamma activity is related with reduced reaction times. Yet the possibility remains that these functional correlations reflect an epiphenomenal rather than causal relationship. Here we provide strong evidence that oscillatory activities at the cortical level are mechanistically involved in determining motor behavior and can even improve performance. By driving cortical oscillations using noninvasive electrical stimulation, we show opposing effects at beta and gamma frequencies and interactions with motor task that reveal the potential quantitative importance of oscillations in motor behavior. ► Cortical driving at 20 and 70 Hz slows and speeds voluntary force generation ► Performance can be enhanced even during contractions made as fast as possible ► Scale of effects of cortical driving depend on the nature of the cued motor task
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