Spatial downscaling of precipitation for hydrological modelling: Assessing a simple method and its application under climate change in Britain

Spatial downscaling of precipitation for hydrological modelling: Assessing a simple method and its application under climate change in Britain
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用于水文模型的降水空间降尺度:评估一种简单方法及其在英国气候变化下的应用

DOI:
10.1002/hyp.14823
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Kay A
Kay A
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kay A

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国家或区域基于网格的水文模型通常以相对精细的空间分辨率运行。但驱动此类模型所需的气象数据通常分辨率较低,因此通常需要某种形式的空间缩小。英国的 1 公里水文模型用于测试基于长期平均年降雨量(标准平均年降雨量;SAAR)的 1 公里模式降尺度降水的简单方法的性能。对于较粗分辨率的范围(5、10、25 和 50 km),乘法缩放因子的 1 km 网格是由 1 km 网格框 SAAR 除以包含该网格框的较粗分辨率网格框的平均 SAAR 的比率得出的。然后,将基于每日观测的 1 公里降水数据集降级为较粗的分辨率,并将 SAAR 比例因子的应用与不缩小比例并直接使用 1 公里数据进行比较,以模拟大量流域的河流流量。基于 SAAR 的降尺度比不降尺度有明显的改进。使用月度而不是年度长期平均降雨模式只能提供最小的进一步改善。性能和流域特性之间没有很强的关系,但对于较小、较陡的流域和具有更西南方向的流域,使用 50 公里降水而不降尺度的性能往往更差;这些更多地受益于基于 SAAR 的缩减。使用高分辨率对流允许模型数据进行的评估显示,在基线和遥远的未来时期之间,导出的 SAAR 比例因子的变化相对较小,这表明在未来时期使用历史比例因子是合理的。这种简单的降尺度方法对于世界其他地区的适用性应该在历史和未来时期进行类似的评估。虽然在英国使用年度模式似乎就足够了,但一年中空间降雨模式变化较大的地区可能需要使用次年度模式。
National or regional grid‐based hydrological models are usually run at relatively fine spatial resolutions. But the meteorological data necessary to drive such models are often coarser resolution, so some form of spatial downscaling is generally required. A 1 km hydrological model for Great Britain is used to test the performance of a simple method of downscaling precipitation based on 1 km patterns of long‐term mean annual rainfall (Standard Average Annual Rainfall; SAAR). For a range of coarser resolutions (5, 10, 25 and 50 km), a 1 km grid of multiplicative scaling factors is derived as the ratio of the 1 km grid box SAAR divided by the mean SAAR of the coarser resolution grid box that contains it. A dataset of 1 km daily observation‐based precipitation is then degraded to the coarser resolutions, and application of SAAR scaling factors is compared to no downscaling and direct use of 1 km data, for simulating river flows for a large set of catchments. SAAR‐based downscaling provides a clear improvement over no downscaling. Using monthly rather than annual long‐term mean rainfall patterns provides minimal further improvement. There are no strong relationships between performance and catchment properties, but performance using 50 km precipitation without downscaling tends to be worse for smaller, steeper catchments and those with a more south‐westerly aspect; these benefit more from SAAR‐based downscaling. An assessment using high‐resolution convection‐permitting model data shows relatively small changes in derived SAAR scaling factors between a baseline and far‐future period, suggesting that use of historical scaling factors for future periods is reasonable. Applicability of this simple downscaling method for other parts of the world should be similarly assessed, for both historical and future periods. While use of annual patterns seems to be sufficient in Britain, areas where spatial rainfall patterns are more variable through the year may require use of sub‐annual patterns.
气候变化下英国河流流量模拟:基线表现和未来季节变化
DOI: --
发表时间: 2021
影响因子: 3.2
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影响因子: 6.3
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气候变化对伊斯坦布尔供水区极端流量的影响:区域气候模型和降尺度方法的效用
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发表时间: 2015
影响因子: 3
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DOI: 10.2166/wcc.2013.014
发表时间: 2013
影响因子: 2.8
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影响因子: 11.4
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C. Prudhomme;S. Dadson;D. Morris;Jennifer Williamson;G. Goodsell;S. Crooks;L. Boelee;H. Davies;Gwen Buys;T. Lafon;G. Watts
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