Effect of graphic cigarette warnings on smoking intentions in young adults.
Effect of graphic cigarette warnings on smoking intentions in young adults.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0096315
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Larson JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blanton H;Snyder LB;Strauts E;Larson JG
香烟包装上的图形警告（GW）在国际上被广泛使用，可能会在美国使用，但其影响尚不清楚。这项研究在不同的年轻人亚组中测试了对竞争假设的支持，这些亚组由吸烟史和个体差异变量（例如，心理抗拒）。一个假设预测适应性反应（GWs会降低吸烟相关的意图），另一个预测防御性反应（GWs会提高吸烟相关的意图）。参与者是1，169名年龄在18-24岁之间的美国人的在线样本，他们被随机分配到FDA设计的9个GW或无标签对照组。在信息暴露前后，对未来吸烟的意图和戒烟的意图（吸烟者）进行了评估。对于有中度终生吸烟史（1至100支香烟之间）的人，GW降低了未来吸烟的意愿，而对于有重度终生吸烟史（超过100支香烟）的人，GW则增加了戒烟的意愿。这两种影响都局限于在过去30天中的一些但不是全部吸烟的人（即，偶尔吸烟者）。在任何亚组中均未观察到防御性“回飞棒效应”对意图的影响。图形警告可以降低偶尔吸烟者的吸烟兴趣，这一发现支持适应性变化假说。针对偶尔吸烟者的GW可能更有效地减少年轻人的吸烟。
Graphic warnings (GWs) on cigarette packs are widely used internationally and perhaps will be in the US but their impact is not well understood. This study tested support for competing hypotheses in different subgroups of young adults defined by their history of cigarette smoking and individual difference variables (e.g., psychological reactance). One hypothesis predicted adaptive responding (GWs would lower smoking-related intentions) and another predicted defensive responding (GWs would raise smoking-related intentions). Participants were an online sample of 1,169 Americans ages 18–24, who were randomly assigned either to view nine GWs designed by the FDA or to a no-label control. Both the intention to smoke in the future and the intention to quit smoking (among smokers) were assessed before and after message exposure. GWs lowered intention to smoke in the future among those with a moderate lifetime smoking history (between 1 and 100 cigarettes), and they increased intention to quit smoking among those with a heavy lifetime smoking history (more than 100 cigarettes). Both effects were limited to individuals who had smoked in some but not all of the prior 30 days (i.e., occasional smokers). No evidence of defensive “boomerang effects” on intention was observed in any subgroup. Graphic warnings can reduce interest in smoking among occasional smokers, a finding that supports the adaptive-change hypothesis. GWs that target occasional smokers might be more effective at reducing cigarette smoking in young adults.
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